Umhleli wokwenza amanzi we-Mozzarella kwezikhulu: Umsebenzi, Izinkampani nezindlela zokwakha indawo

Umhleli wokwenza amanzi we-Mozzarella kwezikhulu uyakwenza amanzi okunqamuka okuphakanyisiwe, okungabikho isibonelo sokufaka amanzi, okanye iprojekthi yokuqala yokufaka amanzi. Ngokujabulisana nendawo yokuphakama, umhleli unako ukubhala ukuthi kuyasebenza kwi-milk treatment ne-curd making njengoba kuyasebenza kuzulazula, ukufaka amanzi, ukuchitha, ukufaka amanzi emzini, nokupakisha.

Kukhetha indawo yokwenza i-mozzarella yezindustria, kubonakala ukuthi kufanele uqale ngombuzo oyodwa: “Izinkilogrami zingakanani ngamahora amabili okukhokha umshini wokuphanda?” Lokho kukhona, kodwa akakwazi ukuchaza ubukhulu bekhiya.

Umhla wasekhiya unemisebenzi eyodwa: ukwenza noma ukuthola isikurdu esihambisana, ukufaka isikurdu ekhaya kwezinkinga ezidingekayo, ukubhala ngokuphelele, ukuphanda ngaphandle kokunyuka kakhulu kwesikhathi noma kwezinhlobo zokusebenza, ukwenza isithakazela esihambisana, ukusula, ukupaka, nokuhlanya izinkampani phakathi kwezindlela zokusebenza. Uma indawo eyodwa yalezi zinkampani ayisibonelo, ukuvumela kwe-cooker-stretcher akakwazi ukuba yizinto eziphathelene nezinto ezifakwe kwi-plant.

Izinkampani zokuphanda ziyasetyenziswa kuphela kwezincwadi zokuphanda njenge-mozzarella, i-pizza cheese, i-provolone, nezinye izincwadi zokuphanda; akuyi mshini yezinye izincwadi zokuphanda. Ukugcina kwezinkampani kuyaphinda kubhekisa kwezincwadi zokuphanda nezindlela zokuthengiswa, akuyi kubhekisa kwezincwadi zokuphanda zezinye izincwadi.

Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zibonisa ukuthi yini na ukuchaza umkhahla wokuproducwa kwe-mozzarella emisebenzini ngokwemithambo yeprojekthi, na kuphi na ukuthi umsebenzi uqala ngenyama yomilki okungasemthwakweni noma kucurda okuthengisiwe.

Qala ngokuchaza i-mozzarella oyidinga ukuthi uyothenga

"Mozzarella" ingachaza izinto eziphathelene nezinye izinkulungwane zokusebenza nokusebenzisa izinkampani. Ngaphambi kokwenza isikhombisa noma ukuthenga, chaza ngokumbhalwa okukodwa izinto ezilandelayo:

• i-mozzarella entsha emabholeni, kubocconcini noma emizinhloko eyinye, okwesibonelo kusolwa kumhlaba wokuhlula futhi ngamanye amaxesha kusakishwa emilongweni;
• i-mozzarella engenalo umhlaka omncane yokupiza, isolwa njengezibhlokhi, izilogo, izilove, iziqondiso noma i-mozzarella esihlukaniswe;
• iziprodukthi zesipasta filata esizihlukaniswe noma esinamazwi amaningi;
• i-string cheese noma ifomathi elinye le-extruded;
• isiprodukthi esisenziwa kusuka kucurda entsha emsebenzini, noma kusuka kucurda okuhlula noma okufunwa kusuka kuyisiprodukthi esinye.

Amozzarella entsha kumele ibe nezindlela zokuhlawula ngokuphelele, ukufaka emaphaketheni, ukukhula kusheshelayo nokubeka emaphaketheni okuyisifundo sokuthi isithakazelo sikhulu kanye nesibonakaliso sokuthi sikhulu kakhulu. Isithakazelo sokuphakamisa amanzi esiphothwe kusuka kwe-pizza kumele sibe nezindlela zokufaka futhi ukukhula okuhlanganisa, emva koko ukubeka emaphaketheni yemibhokisi noma yemilofu, futhi uma kufanele, ukuthatha amasithili emva kwalokho. Isikhathi sokubhalwa emjini, isithakazelo sokuphaketha, izimo zokugcina, nokubonakalisa isikhathi sokusebenza kwezinto zokuphaketha kunezidingo ezahlukene.

Lezi zindlela zokwenza izinto ziyahlola umkhondo wokuphambuka. Ukuthi "1,000 kg/h ya-mozzarella" kuphela akakwazi ukubiza umthunywa ukuthi yini le molder, isistimu yokukhula noma imishini yokuphaketha ekufanele kubhekwe.

Ukudlula kusuka kumilki ku-phaketha noma kusuka kucurd ku-phaketha: Qiniseka umba wokuphatha

Isigaba esigcwele sokudlula kusuka kumilki ku-phaketha singaqondwa ngokuthi:

1. ukulanda umilki ophansi, ukufilta, ukukhula kusheshelayo nokugcina;
2. ukuzimisa umilki nokupastoriza;
3. ukwenza nokubhala amaculture noma amacoagulant futhi ukubhala;
4. ukubhalwa, ukuchitha isicurdi, ukushaya nokuvula;
5. ukususa i-whey futhi ukuphatha isicurdi;
6. ukubhalwa noma ukuzimisa isicurdi;
7. ukuthintela okanye ukuthwabha kwemithi phambi kokuthintela;
8. ukupheka, ukubhola nokuthintela;
9. ukufaka emkhakheni okanye ukuthwabha;
10. ukuhlisa futhi, lapho isikrini sikhuluma ngakho, ukufaka emthwakweni;
11. ukuthintela, ukubhekana nokupakiya;
12. ukugcina emsebenzini omkhulu, ukucisha kwe-CIP, ukusebenzisa i-whey nokusebenzisa izinkambo zokusebenza.

Umqondo wokuthintela ku-umkhakhe wenza kusasa kakhulu. Kungadingeka ukuthola imithi, ukuzimisa, ukubheka, ukuthwabha kwezindawo, ukufaka, ukuthintela, ukufaka emkhakheni nokupakiya, kodwa akadingeki umqondo wokuthola amasi nokuthintela. Amasiko amabili aqondene nesikhathi sokuthenga, indawo yomqondo, isikhathi sokusebenza, izinkambo zokusebenza, izinkambo zokubheka ukuthi iqiniso njani.

Kwesiqondiso sokuthola amasi kuya kupa, isikhumba sesikhumba sokuchesa nezindawo zokuthintela imithi kufanele kubhekwe ngokujwayelekile ngokuthintela kwezindawo nezidingo zokuthintela imithi. Inombolo yamakhumba akuvamiselwa kuphela ngokwezivolumu zazo. Ukufaka, ukuthintela, ukuthintela, ukupheka, ukuthintela kwezindawo, ukuthintela kwezindawo, ukuthintela kwezindawo nokucisha zonke ziyasebenza ngokuthintela kwezindawo.

Umsebenzi wokuvavanya okuphakeme kwe-Mozzarella yasezindustria

Ukubeka imilki futhi ukubakhathalisa

Imilki ekufika kufanele ibuyiselwe ngokulingana nokufanekayo kokukhethwa kwemilki. Ukuthi imilki iphakeme kani ngokwesithembiso, ukuthi iphakeme kani ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi iphakeme kani ngokwesikhathi sokugcina, ukuthi iphakeme kani ngokwesibonelo sesibhakabhaka, ukuthi iphakeme kani ngokwesibonelo sesibhakabhaka esingasendleleni, nokuthi iphakeme kani ngokwesikhathi sokugcina kuzokuthinta ukuthi isibonelo siphakeme kani futhi ukuthi isibonelo siphakeme kani ngokwesibonelo sokugcina.

Lapho isibonelo sisho ukuthi imilki kufanele ishakazwe kabusha phambi kokubakhathalisa. Umkhakha wokubakhathalisa kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi umuntu akhuluma ngokuphelele, futhi kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi uyisisekelo sokuthi isibonelo siphakeme kani, isibonelo sokuthi isibonelo siphakeme kani, futhi isibonelo sokuthi isibonelo siphakeme kani. Kufanele kwenziwe ngumthunywa wokusebenza wendawo yokusebenza, futhi kufanele kubhekwe ngokulingana nokufanekayo kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukene eziphakamile kwezindawo zokuthengiswa.

Ukuthi isibonelo siphakeme kani, ukuthi isibonelo siphakeme kani, futhi ukuthi isibonelo siphakeme kani

Amilki esekelwe ayifika emaphuthelweni wezinkukhu, apho amaculture, amasalts we-calcium noma amacoagulant abizwa ngokwesikrithi kubizwa. Emva kokufakwa kwamacoagulant, izinkukhu zihlukanwa futhi zihandlekwa ukuze zibuyekele isimo sesimemo nesithembiso esidingekayo. Igeometri yomhlukanisi, isikhathi, ukuzimela nokuphakama kuyakuthinta ubude bokuhlukaniswa kwezinkukhu nangokulinganisa kwezinkukhu ezincane okuhlanganiswe ne-whey.

Ukukhishwa kwe-whey kufanele kubhekwe njengesinye sesigaba sokuproducwa, akubhekwe njengokuthabatha kwezinto ezingavumelekileyo. Isikhumbuzi singadinga umgomo othile wokugcina i-whey, ukuscreena, ukuchitha noma ukuprocessa kabanzi. Izinkukhu ezihlukaniswe kanye ne-whey ephakanyiswe kuyakongeza uburdeni kwezinhlobo zemithombo yamandla.

Ukuvula isikhathi nokuqala ukusheleka

Izinkukhu zesiPasta filata kufanele zifikele ematholeni amahle we-mineral, isikhathi nesithembiso phambi kokushela kahle. Amasikhumbuzi angase akwazi ukuthuthukisa izinkukhu ngokusebenzisa amaculture, ukuvula ngqo noma indlela eyodwa ebonakaliswe ukuthi iyasebenza. Amacheki okuproducwa angase akhulule ukubhekana ne-pH, isikhathi sokuvula, isikhathi, isikhathi nesikhathi sokushela.

Akukho pH esiqondiswayo ngokujwayelekileyo kwisikhombisa. Isiphakathi sokusebenza sisebenzisa ukubalwa kwe-milk, isibonelo, ukubalwa kwe-calcium, umthelelo wemiloko yesikili, nokuphela kwesikhombisa. Ngisho noma yiliphi indawo yokuproducwa, kufanele ibe yizinyathelo zokusebenza ziyafundwa ngokuzama kwezincwadi zokusebenza nezinyathelo zokususa.

Emva kokuphila kwesikili, isikili sithunywa noma sithunywa ngokuthunywa kwezinkambo ezinokwenzeka ukuzihlanganisa ngokulinganayo ngokuthunywa kwezinkambo zokuthunywa nezinkambo zokuchitha. Izinkambo ezingaphezulu noma ezingahlindelekile ziyenza ukuchitha kungalinganayo: kunezinye ezingaphila ngokuphelele futhi kunezinye ezingathola ukuchitha okuphelele kwezinhlobo zokuchitha nezinhlobo zokuchitha.

Ukuchitha, ukuthunywa nokuthunywa ngokuthunywa

Isikhombisa sokuchitha nokuthunywa sikhathazisa nokuthunywa isikili kuze kube nesikhombisa sokuthunywa esisodwa, esinokuthunywa ngokulinganayo. Kuyi-  isikhombisa sokuthunywa sesikili esisodwa singasebenzisa amanzi amahleli angakhathazisiwe, isitimbi esingasendaweni, ukuchitha kwe-jacket, iziscrew zokuthunywa noma isibonelo sesizifundo lezi. Indlela eyodwa iyisibonelo, umthelelo wamandla, umthelelo wamandla, isimo sesikili, nokuthunywa kwezinhlobo zokuphela.

Abasebenzi kufanele bakhankanye ngaphezulu kokuphakanyiswa kweprodukthi. Idata yokuqala yokusebenza engekhona kungafana nalesi:

• isivinini sesikhathi sokufaka isikhumba futhi ukubaluleka kwakho;
• imithwalo yamanzi noma yamaphutha;
• ispeed yesikrwepe, umthelela wemotola noma utorque;
• isikhathi sokuhlala;
• isikhathi sokuphuma kweprodukthi;
• amandla amanzi ne-isele ekufakweni, uma kuyinto;
• ukulinganisa umkhawulo phakathi kwekhumba elifakiwe kanye neprodukti efakwe;
• izikhathi zokuvalelwa, izilumko futhi ukuphuma kweprodukthi engavumelekile.

Isikhathi sokuphuma kusombulula kuphela isikhathi sokuhleliwa; akasibonisi ukuthi iprodukthi iyakwenzeka ngokusheshayo ngokwesibonelo. Amabhasethi amabili angaphuma kumashini ngosikhathi esifanayo kodwa bangahlinzeki ngokwesibonelo ngoba ubude bokushisa, ubude bomandla, ubude bokudala noma umsebenzi wokuziphatha wawo wahlukile.

Ukwenza, ukuchitha nokupakisha

Injini yomchezo oyedwa kufanele ifike ku-former ngendlela efanelekile. Ukuvula kwe-stretcher kungalwazi ukuthi kubhekiswe kuhlobo lomchezo okuhambisana noma kususa umchezo owodwa kufomathi. Kungadingeki ukuthi kusebenzise isibonelo sokugcina noma indlela yokuphathelana kokuphatha, kodwa umchezo oyedwa akufanele kugcinwa ngaphandle kokuzothola ukuthi kushintsha isithunzi sakho.

Indlela yezinye izindawo zokuphambuka kuyaphenduka ngokwesithunzi:

Iphrodukthi ekugcineni	Izinkinga zokuphambuka eziphakeme	Izimboni ozokuzifunda kabefore ukukhetha izinkampani
Amabholu amasha asekhaya	Ukuphakama/ukwenza isithunzi, ukuchitha kushesho, ukubhalisa kungalingani, ukufaka emayini, ukulokha	Isilinganiso semabholu, isithunzi sesilika, isithunzi sokupakisha, isikhathi sokuchitha, ukuthi kushintshwe kanjani ekuphakameni
Amabholu amasha okupiza	Ukwenza amabholu/amalogo, ukuchitha okuphathelana, ukubhalisa kungalingani, ukupakisha ngokuphathelana noma ngokuphathelana kwemiphakathi	Ubukhulu beblock, isifundo sokuhlisa kwezinye izinto, imithombo yokuvala, ukusebenza kwezinye izinto ngokuphindaphinda
Izindiza zemisi	Ukuthenga/ukwenza, ukuhlisa, ukuvula nokubeka kwezinye noma kwezinye izinto	Ubude be-diameter, ubude, isifundo sokuvula/sokuthenga, ubude bekuvula, inombolo yokubeka
Izindiza zemisi ezivulwe	Ukuhlanya kwezinye izinto, ukuvula, ukudala kwezinye izinto okungakwazi ukuzihlukanisa, ukubeka kwezinye izinto nokubeka	Ubukhulu bekuvula, ubuhlanzela bezinto, indlela yokubeka, isimo sokubeka, ukuchatha kwelinye izinto

Ukuchatha kokuhlisa kufanele kubase kubukhulu bezinto, ubuhlanzela bekusuka, isimo sokuhlisa kwezinye izinto, isikhathi sokuhlisa, nokuvutha kwezinye izinto. Ukubika kuphela ubukhulu bekusuka komthwalo wamanzi noma ubude bekusuka kwezinye izinto akuyiyo. Ukuchatha kokuhlisa komanzi, ukuchatha kwezinye izinto, ukuchatha kwezinye izinto, ukuchatha kwezinye izinto, ukuchatha kwezinye izinto nokuchatha kwezinye izinto kufanele kubikwa.

Ukufunda ukuvutha kwezinye izinto ngaphandle kokuzwa

Sebenzisa isimo esifanayo sokubala ukukhula kuzo zonke izindlela. Kuma mozarella, lokhu kufanele kube yizinkampani zokuthengiswa zomchezo wokugcina ngama-kilogram ngamahora nezinkampani zokuthengiswa ngama-kilogram ngomzuzu wokuprodukha, ngokudlula amahora okusebenza neminyaka yokucleansa.

Emva kwalokho, sebenzisa izindlela zokuhamba emuva:

• umchezo wokugcina ofuneke ngomshini;
• izibuyelo zokupack, izihlangothi nezibuyelo zokuvula;
• isidingo somchezo wokufakwa emseleni wokufaka;
• isidingo semiloko, ngokwesibonelo sezindawo zokuprodukha isibonelo sokuguqula emiloko ku-mchezo;
• isidingo semiloko, ngokwesibonelo sesilingo semiloko nesibonelo sokuthola umchezo;
• izibhalo zemiloko ngomzuzu wokuprodukha nokuphakamisa kwazo konke izibhalo;
• isivolumu sezibhalo ne-peak transfer rate;
• isibalo sokuchitha nokupacka ngemikhumbi yokusebenza.

Ukuthenga kwe-supplier kwezindawo zokusebenza akufana nokuthenga kwezindawo zokuthengiswa ngosuku. Umthwalo ungakhona ukuthi wasebenza ngokuthenga okubhalwe ngeminyaka emincane kodwa kungaba yisikhathi sokusebenza sokuthenga kwezindawo zokusebenza ngokuthi kuselwa kwezindawo zokuphakamisa amacurd, ukuguqula izinhlobo zezinto, noma ukuthumela amapackers akhona ukuthi abekele kahle. Ukuthenga kwezindawo zokusebenza kwenziwa yisikhathi esincane kakhulu, futhi kufaka isikhathi sokusebenza kwezinhlobo zezinto nesikhathi sokuclean.

Isikrini esihle sokuthenga sibhala ukuthenga okuncane, okunormali, nokuphakeme kwezindawo zonke. Kufanele kube nomfanekiso wokuthi kuzoba kanjani xa umthwalo wokufaka noma wokupacka ushalelwe: uma izinto zokuphambuka kuzobuyiselwa, kuzobuyiselwa kwezindawo ezithile, kuzobuyiselwa kwezindawo ezithile, noma ukuthumela amacurd kuzoshalelwa.

Ukukhetha i-System Yokugcina

Akukho mthwalo wokugcina wezinto oziningi ongakhona ngokuphelele kwezinhlobo zama-mozzarella zonke. Khangelani izinkombolo zokulinganisa ngokulandela izinhlobo zezinto, akalandeli izinca zokulinganisa zokulinganisa kuphela.

Ukupheka noku-gcina ngamanzi amahle

Izisistimu zokugcina amanzi emhlophe zinokunika ukuthumela kahle kwamandla kanye nezinkinga eziningi zokusebenza kwe-pasta filata. Ukudesigna kufanele kubhekise isimo samanzi, isithempu, ukubuyisa kanye nokusungula kusuka kwezinto ezenziwa. Umsebenzisi ofaka izinto kufanele akhombise ukuthi amanzi zihlola kahle kanye nokuphula kwamafatshu noma amasolidi ngokwesifundo esayishicile, kungakho ukubhalisa ukuthi kunezinkinga zokusebenza eziningi.

Izisistimu zokusebenza ngokushisa ngokuzimisa kanye nezisistimu zokushisa ngokuzimisa ngokugcina

Ukushisa ngokuzimisa kanye nokushisa ngokugcina ngokuzimisa kungabangela ukunciphisa ukubaluleka kwamandla okugcina amanzi emhlophe kuzo zonke izindlela zokusebenza. Kuyabeka izinkinga eziningi zokudesigna: ubukhulu bekusiza kwezinkomo, ukuthi kuyaphila kwezinkomo, ukulawula iphresha, ukuthi ukushisa kuyajikeleza kahle, ukuvula kanye nokuthi kuyathinta njani umsindo wamandla kanye nomthwalo wokusebenza.

Ukusebenza ngokuphakathi noma ngokuphakathi kanye

Ukuphakha kwe-batch cooker-stretcher kungase kufanele imibhalo yezindaba, izigaba ezincane nezinguquko zezinto eziyisisekelo zokusebenza ngokushesha. Isistimu esihambisana kungase kusiza ekubhekiseni kwesikhathi esihle sokuphakha kakhulu uma isimo sesikurdi ne-feeding sifanana futhi sibuyela phakathi. Ukuzenzakalela akukhombisa ukungafuni ukwazi ukusiza kweprodukthi; kwenza umibhalo othiwe ukuba uyaphakha kabusha kuphela uma izinto eziphakathi nezinto zokugcina ziyaphakathi kwezindawo zokusebenza.

Ngaphambi kokuthenga, sicela ukuthenga ukuphakha okuphinde kubonakaliswe ngokusebenzisa isikurdi esifanayo. Thabatha amazwi ngokusebenzisa isikurdi esingaphakathi, ukuphakha kwezinto, ukusebenzisa amandla nezilwane, isikhathi sokuphakha, ukuphakha kwemithwalo yezinto, isimo sezinto, ukuphakha kwezinto, ukuphakha kwezinto, ukuphakha kwezinto, ukuphakha kwezinto, nokuphakha kwezinto. Ukuphakha kwezindawo kungase kubonakalisa ukuphakha kwezinto zokuthenga.

Amaphakathi abonakaliswa kumazwe amaningi

Isicaba	Izindawo ezingadingeka ukuzivakasha	Ukuphakama kwezindlela zokulungisa
Izinkomo ezingaphakathi ziyaphakathi emva kokuphakha	Izinkomo zisikhulu kakhulu, ukuphakama kwezinkomo kungafanani, isikhathi esincane sokuphakha, ukuphakama kwezinkomo kungafanani	Yenza ukuthi ukukhula nokufaka kubalulekile; qiniseka ukuthi amacurds ayisikhele; lungezela ukuthi ukuthakazelwa nokuphakamisa kwesikhathi
Umkhulu wokugcina umthwalo okungafanele noma isikhundla esingaphansi	Amacurds akhulula kakhulu, ukuthakazelwa okungafanele noma ukusebenzisa izimpahla ngokuvutha, ukuguqula kwemilki/ukuthenga	Hambisana ukuchaza kwezibhalo zomkhulu nendawo yokusebenza yomotor; cima ukusebenzisa kuphela emva kokufunda indlela yokwenza
Umkhulu wamandla awusobala phakathi kwezibhalo	Ukudlula kwamacurds kuyisilinganiso, ukudlula kwamanzi/umshini we-steam noma isikhathi sokuhlala	Faka ukuchaza kwezibhalo zomkhulu; yenza ukuthi amacurds ayisikhele futhi ukuthenga kuyisilinganiso
Umphathi wokugcina uyathola iprodukthi ngamaphepha	Ukudlula kwesibhalo kunye nokuthatha kwezindawo zokugcina akuzihlanganisi	Lungezela ukuthi ukubeka kwezindawo zokuhlala, ukudlula kwezindawo zokudlula nokuthatha kwezindawo ezizungezile
Amabhlokhi ayagqibwa noma ayakhula ngokungafanani	Ukuguqula kwezikhululo zomkhumbi, isikhathi esingafanelekile sokuhlala, ukusukela kwemithambo yokuqhusha	Jonga ubunzima bomkhumbi, iprofili yocango lokugqibela lwesikhathi, nokulayisha kwemithambo yokuqhusha
Umhla uyafika kumkhumbi wohour kodwa akafiki umhla wosuku	Isikhathi eside sokuvatha, ukuzwa kwe-acidification, ukusinga kokupakisha noma ukususa isikhathi sokuchitha	Yenza isikhedule seshifti ngokusebenzisa amasikhathi okuvatha nezinkqubo zokuguqula
Izihlalo zisabela emva kokuchitha	Amaphuzu amadala, ukungasukela kahle, amaphuzu awaziwe noma into engaqondakali ngokuphelele njengokuchitha ngokwesikhathi	Hlanganisa ukuchitha ngokwesikhathi, ukuchitha ngokwesikhathi kwe-COP, nokuchitha ngokwamanje; qiniseka ukuthi kuchithwa konke nokubuyela emuva kwezimo

Leli zinkinga kufanele zilandelwe kuzo zonke izinqakatho. Ngokwempilo, izinkinga zezinkqubo zokuhlela izinkqubo zokuhlela zizoba ngokuphinda-phinda kancane kusuka kumashini eyodwa.

U-CIP akufana ne-“Izibhola zokushaya zihlukile”

Ukwenza i-mozzarella kuhlanganisa izikhululo zesilili esizwakalisiwe ngozibhola zokushaya noma kuzwakalisiwe ngokuvula isikhululo sesilili, nokushaya okuphelele kwezinkulu. Akukho yisifunda esingasemthethweni sokucleana ngokuthi sithumela isilili ngaphakathi kwesikhululo.

Amatanki wesilili, amapipeline, amavats amahle, amadzimba we-pasteurization, neminye imikhululo eyenzelwe kubhekwa kungabhalwa kwi-CIP circuits. Amadzimba awaziweyo, amabelt, amamill, amamold, amacutter, neminye imiphakathi yezinkulu eziyaziweyo kungadinga ukucleana ngaphandle kwekhompyutha (clean-out-of-place) noma ukucleana ngokuphathwa ngokuphelele. I-cooker-stretcher ingadinga umphakathi wokucleana owenziwe ngokubhaliweyo osho ukuthi iphi indlela iyacleanwa ngokuzenzakalela, iphi ipharta kufanele ifunwe ukuvula noma ukususa, apho isilili singagcina, futhi ukuthi ukucleana kuchazwa kanjani.

U kukulungiselela kwezinhlangano zokucisha kwe-dairy kufanele ichaze ivolumu yecircuit, umsindo, imiphumela yokubuyela, ukudosisa kwezichemikhali, ukuthakatha, ukususa, umbono wokubuyela kwezinto, nokuthenga kwezindlela zokucleana. Kufanele kube yilokho okufanele kumlando wokuproducwa. Umkhondo odinga amahora amaningi okususa ngokungafanele emva kokuphatha konke kungakwazi ukufika ekutheni kwayo yomkhondo wokuproducwa ngosuku.

Ukubeka kwezinto nezinkambo zokusebenza kufuneka kubekwe kusiphekelo sezinkambo

Ukubeka okuphakeme kuhlinzela izindlela zokusebenza zemilkingi yezimilayo kusukela kuzindawo zokuphatha ngemuva kokuphatha ngokuphelele kanye nezindawo zokugcina iprodukthi. Abantu, izinkambo zokupaka, isikurdu, isiwhey, izichiza, isibindi kanye nezinkambo zokulungisa kufuneka zibe nendlela eyafikiweyo. Kuvumelekile ukufinyelela ukuvula izicover, ukususa iziscrew noma izishafthi, ukulungisa amamotori kanye nokuphuma kwezincambo zokuphatha isikhathi esifanayo.

Ngaphambi kokuthintela ukubeka, bheka:

• izihloko zomhlaba, izindlela zokuphuma kwamanzi kanye nezihloko zokuhlola umshini;
• izihloko zezinkambo kanye nezihloko zokusebenza kanye nokulungisa;
• izihloko zokuthumela isikurdu kanye nezinhloko zokuthumela iprodukthi;
• izihloko zezincambo zokuthumela kanye nezihloko zokuthumela izinkambo zokusebenza;
• izindawo zokusebenza ngokwesibini, zokusebenza ngokwesithathu kanye nezindawo zokusebenza ngokwesine;
• izindlela zokukhipha isiwhey kanye nezindlela zokuphuma kwamanzi okungabi nayo ubukhulu;
• izindlela zokuthumela izinkambo zokupaka kanye nezindlela zokuthumela iprodukthi ekugcineni;
• isikhundla sokugcina izinkampani ezizofakwa emva kwezinye noma ukwakha kwezinkinga zokuphakama.

Umbiko wokusebenza kufanele ubhale isithembiso sesitayela nesikhundla sokukhanya, isikhundla sokubeka amafutha okukhanya noma amafutha okukhanya, isikhundla sokubeka amafutha okukhanya noma amafutha okukhanya, isikhundla sokubeka amafutha okukhanya noma amafutha okukhanya, isikhundla sokubeka amafutha okukhanya noma amafutha okukhanya, isikhundla sokubeka amafutha okukhanya noma amafutha okukhanya, isikhundla sokubeka amafutha okukhanya noma amafutha okukhanya, isikhundla sokubeka amafutha okukhanya noma amafutha okukhanya. Ukubala kokuphelele kuphela kungadlula isikhundla sokukhanya esifanayo. Isimo esifanayo sokubhala sibhalwe kule ndlela yokubhala. ukubhala umbiko wokubhala kwezindawo zokusebenza kwezindawo zokusebenza .

Kuzoba yini okufanele kube kwi-RFQ

Ukufaka umthwalo wokubhala, usendele umsebenzi wokubhala kusuka kumagama amabili noma kuhlanganisa isikhundla sokukhanya:

• izinhlobo zezinto zokusebenza nezinhlobo zezinto zokusebenza;
• ukuthi isikhundla sibegina ngamaphoyinti amabili, amaphoyinti amabili noma amaphoyinti amabili;
• isibonelo sesikhundla sokukhanya nasezinhlobo zezinto zokusebenza;
• isikhundla sokukhanya sokukhanya ngamahora, ngomshini noma ngomusi;
• izinsuku zokusebenza, isikhundla sokukhanya, isikhundla sokukhanya noma isikhundla sokukhanya;
• imifaniso yemiphakethi, amabili akhona isivinini sokupakisha esidingekayo;
• umdlalo wamanje wokusebenza nokufunda izindlela zokusebenza kusuka emaphakathi amahle;
• izimo zokusebenza kwesitimela, ukuchitha, amanzi, isihlangu senyama nezinhloso zokugcina;
• ubuchwepheshe bebulding, ubude obukhulu, umkhakha wezikhumba, izindawo zokuchitha nezinkokhelo zokufika;
• ukuthatha isikhundla sokuziphatha ngokwezinye, ukulandela izindlela zokusebenza, ukurekoda idatha nokuthuthukisa ukuthuthukisa ngendlela eyodwa;
• izinkinga zokusebenza kwezinhloso zokugcina, izinkokhelo zokugcina izinto zokudla, izinkinga zokugcina izinhloso zokusebenza kuzwe laseNingizimu Afrika;
• isikhundla esidingekayo sokufaka, ukuvavanya, ukufundisa, iziparti zokushaya nezibhalo.

Weishu angakusebenzisa lezi zinformesheni ukuthintana imiphakethi yezinhloso zokusebenza ngezinye nezinkinga zokufaka kusuka kwezinye, futhi lokhu kunciphisa ukulinganisa iziqhelo kanye nokunciphisa izinkinga eziningi zokuhlanganisa emva kokuthenga.

FAT ne-Commissioning: Landela izinqumo ngaphambi kokuthenga

Ithimeli lokuthenga kufanele libhali ukuthi ukubonakalisa ukuthi ukusebenza kuzokwenziwa njani. Ngokwesilinganiso sokuzokuphatha kabefore ukuthumwa, ukuphatha kwesikhulu kungahlinzeka ukusebenza kwemikhili, amakhontrolu, amaphoyinti, amakhonkhelisi, ukusimulisa amaservis, ukuphatha kwezilwane, izincwadi zokuthi izilwane ziyinkambo nezincwadi zokubhalwa. Ukuphatha kwezilwane kungahlinzeka esikhundleni sabuyeri uma izilwane zokuphatha neziservis azikho esikhundleni sabuyeri.

Kukuphatha kwezikhundla nokuvula kwezilwane, landela:

• izilwane nezilwane zokuphatha ezisetyenziswa kulephathi;
• isikhathi sokuphatha esisodwa ngokuphathwa kanye noma isikhathi sokuphatha esingaphansi kwezinye izikhathi;
• izilwane eziphumelelayo nezilwane ezingavumelekileyo;
• iziphakamiso zokubalwa kwezilwane eziningi kakhulu nezindlela zokubhalwa;
• izimo zamaservis nekuthi ubani ongabhalisa;
• isikhundla sokuphatha kokuchitha nezindlela zokubonakalisa;
• isikhathi sokungasebenzi okuvumelekileyo nezinto ezingavumelekileyo;
• ukufundisa abasebenzi, izirhola, izincwadi zokusebenza, uluhlu lwamaparts omusha, nezincwadi zokuthengiswa.

Amazwi njenge-“ukuthabatha okuphezulu” noma “isimo esifanayo sesithembiso” asizivumelwano zokuvumeleka. Izimo ezinokubhalwa ziyizivumelwano.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Umkhakha wokwenza amozzarella yasezindustriyeni ubhalela kanjani?

Umkhakha uyaphakamisa amasi noma uyathola isikhwama, uyadelela isikhwama kusimo sokuthiwa kusobala, uyayibhaca futhi uyayifaka kumakhompyutha yokuthiwa nokuthiwa, uyadlala isikhwama esikhulu, uyayikhipha noma uyayibhina njengezidingo, emva kwalokho uyayipakiya. Umkhakha wokwenza amasi kusukela ku-amasi uye kusukela kufakwa kumapaki ayisemthwakathi kufune ukusebenzisa izinkampani zokusebenzisa amasi, ukuthiwa, ukususa umkhuyu, nezinkampani zokuzimisa isikhwama.

Ingaba umkhakha omunye ungakwenzela amozzarella amasha noma amozzarella we-pizza?

Izinqamulelo zezinye izinto zokugcina zingashintshana, kodwa iziqondiso, izikhathi zokukhipha, izikhathi zokubhina, izikhathi zokuzimisa, nezinqamulelo zokupakiya zingahlinzeka kakhulu. Qinisekisa indlela yokuguqula futhi ziziphi izinqamulelo okufanele zishintshwe noma zihlanzekwe phakathi kwamazinto amabili.

Yini okugcinela ubukhulu bomkhakha wokwenza amozzarella?

Ukuvuthelwa okuphakanyisiweyo kubhekwa ngokulinganisa isikhundla esisodwa kakhulu. Isikhathi sokuvuthela kwesivuthelo, ukufaka umsindo wokuvuthela, ukufaka kwesivuthelo esihlukile, ukwakha, ukulahla, ukupaka nokuhlambula kufanele kube kubhekwa ngokulinganisa isivuthelo esiphakanyisiweyo.

Ingabe imishini yokuvala isivuthelo ngokuzenzakalelayo iyadala ubukhulu obuhle bokuphakanyiswa kwesivuthelo?

Cha. Iyakwakha ukuphakanyiswa kwezinkqubo zokuphakama nokusebenza ngokomthetho, kodwa ukumsindo wokuvuthela, ukuchitha, isikhathi sokuvuthela, ubukhulu bokuvuthela nokubaluleka kwezinkqubo zokufaka kuyabhekwa ngokulinganisa isiphumo.

Kufanele izinkampani zokuvuthela zisebenzisa i-stainless steel engu-304 noma engu-316L?

Ukukhetha umkhakha kufanele kwenziwa ngokubhekana nezinye izinyathelo nezinhlobo zokusebenza. Ukuchitha kwezinto zokuvuthela, ukusuka kwezincwadi noma izibhalo, izinkqubo zokuhlambula, isikhathi, ukuzenza nokubhekana nezinye izinqumo zasekhaya ziyabhekwa ngokulinganisa. Ukuthi “316L zonke” ayikho ukubuyisa ukukhetha umkhakha ngokulinganisa ngokugcina izinye izinkampani.

Yiziphi izinformesheni ezidingekayo ukwenza ipropozile yokuqala?

Kunye ngezinye izinto ezinzima: uhlobo lomthwalo, umphakathi waprojekthi, isiphumo sokugcina, indlela yokubhala, imbono yamaphakathi amathuba, izinkampani zokusebenza nezindawo zemithwalo. Isifundo esibhalwe kahle kufanele siboneleke konke okuthi kuyizindlela ezingafanele kuzwa ukuthi kuyisivumelwano.