Ukukhetha izinkampani zokufaka amanzi emzini: Ukugcina konke, ukubala kwesivinini nezinketho zokupakisha

Ukukhetha izinkampani Zokufaka Amasithili akuyiyo kuphela ukuthola imishini eyakwazi ukufaka amasithili emabhokhile, emaphuthi, emaphuthi noma emaphuthi. Umshini wokufaka uyaphakathi kwezindawo zokusebenza nokupakisha. Uma umshini wokuphatha akakwazi ukubeka ngokuphelele, isibhanku sokuhlinzekisa sikhula kakhulu noma umshini wokupakisha kusobala kakhulu, umkhosi wonke uyahlula ukuphatha.

Umkhosi wokusebenza nokuqondisa amasithili ungahlinza ukuthenga amasithili, ukuzilungisa, ukuzihlinzekisa, ukuzihlanya, ukugcina ngokuhlinzekisa noma ngokungafanele, ukufaka, ukuvimbisa, ukujonga, ukukhomba, ukupakisha kabusha nokuhlola. Ukugcina okuhlanganisa kuchaza ngokuphathelene nomphindo, isikhathi sokubona, iphakheji, isivinini, ubunzima bokuhlinzekisa nasezindaweni zokusebenza.

Ngaphambi kokulinganisa izimishini, qinisa ukuthi umphindo wokugcina ufanele ukuba yini futhi ukuthi kufanele ukufika kumakheti njani. Lokhu kucindezela konke okusemva.

Yiziphi izinkotho ezihlanganiswe emgqa wokufaka emazimboni?

Ukulinganisa kuhambisana ngokwesikhundla. Abathengi abaningi badinga umfihli wokufaka nokubhala izilayini zokugcina; abanye badinga izilayini ezihlanganisiweyo kusukela ekuthunyeni kwemilking emnyama kuze kumaprothukthi okugciniwe ngokuphakathi. Isistimu esigcwele singaqondwa ngamashumi ayisithupha amahlanganisiwe:

• Ukuhlanganiswa nokuhlenga: ukuthunywa, ukuchitha, ukuchitha, ukugcina, ukulungiselela nokudlala izinkambo.
• Ukuthuluzwa kweprodukti: ukuchitha, ukuchitha, ukuchitha kwe-UHT, ukuchitha noma ukuchitha.
• Ukugcina nokuthumela: izitanki zokugcina zokuchitha noma zokuchitha, izipumpu, izivali nezilayini zokuchitha.
• Ukufaka kwezinqambo zokuqala: ukuphatha izinkambo, ukufaka, ukuvula noma ukuvula futhi ukuchitha kwezinkambo uma kudingeka.
• Ukuzwa nokubhala izinkambo zokugcina: ukufaka amakhodi, ukubheka, ukubhala amagama, ukufaka emaphaketheni kanye nokufaka emaphalithini.
• Ukuchitha nokusebenzisa izinto zokusebenza: Ukubheka kwe-CIP/SIP lapho kufanele, ukuthwasa, ukuchitha, ukugcina amandla, amanzi, amandla kanye nokususa.

Lezi zikhombisa kufanele sebenzise isibonelo sama-product kanye nomkhawulo wokusebenza. Umqondiso wesi ukugxilwa kwesibonelo sokuphatha ngamandla yonke  uyabonisa ukuthi ukulandela izihlalo phakathi kwezinhlobo zezinkampani ziyisibonelo esifanayo noma ukukhetha izinhlobo zezinkampani zonke.

Qala ngomphakathi, ubude bokuhlala kwezinto kanye nomphakathi wokufaka

Umhlangano wemilki ekhathini kwezinkampani zokuchitha, umhlangano wokufaka emaphaketheni we-UHT okungafani noma wokufaka emaphaketheni we-yogurt eyadluliswa kufune izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkampani. Qala ngomphakathi wokuphatha kanye nomphakathi wokufaka oqukethe imibuzo elandelayo:

• Izinto ziphi eziyakwenziwa ngoku kanye nezinye eziyakwenziwa emva kwezinye izinsuku?
• Zizokhathwa kwezinkampani zokuchitha kanye noma kwezinkampani zokuhlala kahle?
• Ziyintshontsho, ziyinkulu, ziyakwakha izihlalo, ziyakwakha izihlalo zokuthwasa kanye noma ziyakwakha izihlalo zokubhala?
• Bazokufakwa ngokushisa, ngokuthula, ngokuphakama kakhulu, ngokucleana kakhulu noma ngokusebenzisa indlela yokugcina amasiko?
• Izinkampani zezinto ezizokufaka, izivolumu, izinkampani zokuvulula nokubambisana kwesibili zizingahlanganiswa?
• Kuzoba kubonakala kabanzi ukuguqula izinto zokufaka nezinkampani ngomshini wokusebenza wokuzimisa?

Umsebenzi wokugcina ubukhulu kuyiphakathi yezinto zokufaka, indlela yokusebenza nokubambisana. Umfakuli omkhulu kunezinye noma ukusebenzisa indlela yokushisa okuphakeme kungakwazi ukubuyeza ukukhawuleza kwezinto zokufaka, ukungafakwa kahle, ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinye izindlela yokusebenza emuva kokusebenza noma ukubambisana okungafanele.

Ukuthenga, Ukusetyenziswa Kwaye Ukwenza Izinqumo

Xa isiprojekthi sibegina ngemilki yezindlu, isiqephu sesibili sisebenza ngokuthenga, ukufiltara, ukubala, ukushisa nokugcina. Isivolumu sesitanki kufanele sibonise ukuphakamisa kokuthengwa, ukuprodukha ngosuku, isikhathi sokuchitha nokuphakamisa kokugcina.

Imilki yomdlalo ongumnyama kufanele isepharate kanye nokusetyenziswa ukuze ibe nemiphumela yomphumela we-fat nezinkinga zokufaka. Imilki engezinye, izindlu zemilki, izindlu zemilki zokufaka, nezindlu zemilki zokufaka zezinto zokufaka zezindlu ziyadinga izinkampani ezingaphezu kwezinye zokusebenza kuma-:

• Ukwenza kwezinkulu noma izikolo
• Ukufaka kwemithwalo futhi ukusabalalisa kwawo
• Ukuhlanya kwezinkulu zokuvimbela
• Ukuchitha okuphelele
• Ukufaka kwemithwalo ngokulinganiswe
• Ukucula noma ukususa isibhakabhaka
• Ukugcina kwesikhundla sesikhundla

Lezi zikhombisi kufanele zithathelwe kusuka kwe-resephe yokuqondile. Ukudala konke okubonakalayo kwe-mixing machine kuyavalekisa imali futhi kuyazimela ukucula; ukuzihlukanisa indima yokusabalalisa noma ukususa isibhakabhaka kuyenza izinkinga zokukhula emva kwalokho kwe-filler.

Ukuphatha kwe-homogenization nokuhlanzwa

Ukuphatha kwe-homogenization kunciphisa ubude bwezinkulu zefat futhi kungahlinzeki ubukhulu bezinkulu zemulsion, isipho sokuvala, nokuphakanyiswa kwebukhulu besithunzi. Ubude obudingekayo, izikhundla, nokuthempa kokusebenza kubhekisele kwe-formulation. Ubude bakho obulinganiswe kufanele bahlakanise ne-pasteurizer futhi ne-schedule yokufaka.

Ukuphatha kwe-heat kusha amaphuzu okuhlanzwa kwisekhundla sokuphakamisa:

• Imilayi yokuphakanyisa isikhali, sithunyiselwa ngokupheleleyo kwezinkinga zokuhlanzeka, sifakelwa futhi sithunyiselwa ngokusebenza kwesikhala esihlukile.
• Umilki wokuqala wokufika uyaqhathanisa indlela eyavaliyedwe nezidingo zokulawula kakhulu komsinga wokufaka, futhi ngokujwayelekile uyasebenza ngokusebenza kwesikhala esihlukile.
• Imilki yase-UHT kufune indlela eyavaliyedwe yokusula futhi ukusebenza kahle emuva kwalokho, okunjalo ngokusebenza kwe-tanki yokuqinisa noma ukuxhuma ngqo kwe-filler yokuqinisa.
• Izinkampani zokufaka izinkampani sifaka ukufaka izinkampani, ukufaka izinkampani, ukulawula isimo sokwakhiwa, nokuchitha. Iyogurt yokuqala inakwakha kabefore ukufaka; iyogurt yokuqina ifakelwa kabefore ukufaka.
• Izinkampani ezifakelwa ngendawo zifakelwa futhi zibhaliselwa kabefore ukuthola ukuthintela kwakho kwe-heat.

Kulokusha kwe-sikhala esihlukile, lombuzo ukuthi i- indawo yokuthengela umlomo wenqanawa iyathunyisa umilki wokubhekisa, ukupastorayiza, ukuchitha, nokufaka. Izimo zokusebenza ziyadingeka ukuthi ziqinisekwe kwe-formulation yokuqala futhi kumarket yokuqonda.

Izinkumbu Zokugcina Nokuthumela Iziprodukthi

Izinkumbu zokugcina zikusiza ukuthi ubungozi bezinye ngokwezinye kwezindawo zokusebenza zihlukwe kwezinkumbu zokugcina. Kuzokwenzeka ukuthi izinkumbu zihlele isifunda sokuthumela futhi zithabathe izintambo ezincane, kodwa akufanele zibe yindlela leziprodukthi zizamele ngaphandle kokuthi zizamele kakhulu.

Izinkumbu nezinhlobo zokuthumela kufanele zihambisane neklasi yezinhlobo zokuhlanzwa nezinhlobo zeprodukthi:

• Iziprodukthi eziyapasteuriza kanye nezihlanzwa kuzo kuzokwenzeka ukusebenzisa izinkumbu zokuhlanzwa noma zokugcina ngokuphathelene nokubuyiselwa kwezinhlobo zokuhlanzwa.
• Iziprodukthi zokushisa kakhulu (UHT) kuzokwenzeka ukuthi kubhekwe izinkumbu zokuhlakazeka kanye nezinhlobo zokuthumela ezihlanzwa.
• Amasosha, amakhremu, kanye nezinye iziprodukthi ezinamandla kuzokwenzeka ukuthi kubhekwe ukuthi kwenziwe ukuthuthukisa okuncane kanye nokuthumela okuncane kwezinhlobo zokuthumela.
• Iziprodukthi zinezilili, izigqoko, noma izihlangothi kuzokwenzeka ukuthi kubhekwe ukuthi izivalvi nezinhlobo zokuthumela zibe nendawo enkulu.

Okukhulu akuyiyo okunempela okubi. Izinkumbu ezikhulu kakhulu ziyakwenzeka ukuthi iziprodukthi zizamele kakhulu, ukuthi kubhekwe ukuthi kubizwa izinkumbu zokuhlakazeka, ukuthi kubhekwe ukuthi kubizwa indawo yokugcina, kanye nokuthi kubhekwe ukuthi kubizwa iziprodukthi ezingu-ku-khulu uma kubonakala ukuthi kunezinkinga kwezinhlobo zokusebenza.

Izinkumbu Zokuthumela Ngokulinganisa Kwesikhombisa

Iphakethi liqondisa indlela okungayisho amaphakethi kuyabhalwa, kuyashiswa, kuyafillwa, kuyavulwa, kuyajongwa futhi kuyahambiswa ngaphansi kwelinye.

Iphakheji	Amaphrothukthi ase-dairy abalula	Amamodhuli ase-line abalula	Okufanele ukubhekwe
Ibhotile ye-PET noma ye-HDPE	Amilki ase-pasteurized, amilki ase-ESL, amadrinki we-yogurt, amilki ase-flavored	Ukubhalwa kwebhotile noma ukublowa, ukurinsha okungakhangelwa / ukushiswa, ukufillwa, ukuvulwa, ukujonga futhi ukulabela	Ukuhlanya kwebhotile, ukugcina kwe-neck, ukuchitha kwe-cap, isikhathi sokufillwa futhi ispeed
Ibhotile yeglass	Amilki ase-pasteurized futhi amadrinki ase-dairy ase-high quality	Ukusebenzisa ibhotile, ukusheha noma ukurinsha njengoba kudingeka, ukufillwa, ukuvulwa futhi ukusebenzisa amacrate / amacase	Izinto ezinokubuyiselwa noma ezingaphansi kwezinye, ukuphuma kwemithambo, ukuphakama kwezinto, nokuphakama kwebhodi
Ikhipu esiyisikhiwe	Amayogurthi amathile noma amathile ngokuthi asihlwe, amakhremu, nezindlu zokudla zebhodi	Ukukhupha ikhipu emva kweyinye, ukuchaza ikhipu (ukungafanele), ukufaka, ukufaka isifoli/isilidi, ukushelela nokukhomba	Ukuphakama kwezinto, izinto eziphakathi, isikhala phansi kwesifoli, ukuselela kokushelela nokuphatha kwezindawo zokuhlanza
Ipulowu yepolokhi	Amilki atholakalayo kumshini wokuhlula kwezintambo noma amadrayivu abhodi angaphezulu kwezintambo	Ukudala ipolokhi, ukufaka, ukushelela kwezandla zokugcina/kwezandla zokugcina ngokwesibini, ukukhomba nokuthumela	Isimo sepolokhi, ukushelela kwezinto eziphakathi, isilinganiso sesivolumu nokuphatha kwezindawo zokuhlula kwezintambo
Ipulowu enenqaba	Amadrayivu e-yogurt nezindawo zezindawo zokudla zasekhaya ezithile	Ukufaka emaphutha, ukuvula, ukufakwa kwezindawo, nokuhlela okuphambili noma ukugqibela ngokuchitha ngokuchitha	Umphambo wemaphutha, ukuzwisa, ukubheka kwezindawo, ukugqibela nokuguqula
Ikharton yesihlalo sesihlalo	Amakhombe amahlanu, amakhombe nemizwi yezindawo ezinye	Ukudala i-carton/ukufakwa, ukudala isihlalo, ukufakwa, ukugqibela esihlalweni futhi ukufaka ikhaphu uma kufanele	Isikhundla se-carton, ukugqibela, ubunzima bezinhlobo zokusebenza nokufakwa kwesikhathi
Ikharton yesihlalo sesihlalo esisodwa	Amakhombe ase-UHT nezindawo zezindawo zasekhaya ezisodwa	Ukusebenzisa imithombo, ukudala iphakethi, ukufakwa ngokusodwa, ukugqibela, ukukhombisa futhi ukusebenzisa emva kwalokho	Ukugcina kwezindawo ezingavumelekile, ukususa amasimbi kwezinkotha, ukugcina kwezindawo zokugcina nokuhambanana kwezinkotha

Ukukhetha izinkotha kufanele kubhekene nezinhlayo zokuproducwa nokudistributeka. Icarton yepaper yokugcina amasi esihlwayo ayikhoza ukuthi kufanele kubhekene nezinhlayo zokufillwa zokugcina amasi esihlwayo esingavumelekile (UHT) ezisodwa.

Ukufillwa okuchaphazela, okuchaphazela kakhulu, nokugcina kwezindawo zokugcina

Abasunguli abangafanele ukusebenzisa lezi zibizo ngendlela ethile, ngakho ke ubiza ukuthi baphendule ngokuchazwa kokusebenza kwesistimu.

Ukufillwa okuchaphazela

Ukufillwa okuchaphazela kuhlalisa isikhathi sokugcina kwezinhlayo ezichaphazelwe ngokuvumelekile ukususa amasimbi okwenzeka ngokungafanele ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuchaphazela kwezinyathelo zokuphatha izinhlayo, ukugcina kwezindawo zokufillwa, nokucleana okuhle. Kuyasebenziswa kahle kwezinhlayo zokugcina esihlwayo, nakuba isikhathi sokugcina sokuqala kufanele kubhekene nesikhathi sokugcina sokugcina.

Ukufillwa okuchaphazela kakhulu

Umkheli wokuphakama kakhulu uqwalisele ukulawula kwezinhloso zokuphatha izinhloso zokuphatha kanye nezinhloso zokuphatha, futhi noma yini okufanele kubhekwa. Ngokwezindlela zokudesign, kungase kube nokuphatha kwezincwadi noma amaphathi, umoya owodwa, indawo eyodwa, nokuhlola kakhulu. Ubiza ngabani amaseli okuphatha, njengoba kuchazwa ukuthi kuchazwa njani ukusebenza kwayo, futhi kuzoba kanjani emva kokugcina umkheli.

Ukufill aseptic

Isistimu sokufill aseptic yemilki kufanele isihlale sibophelele isithembiso sokukhathala komkheli wokuphatha kusukela ekusitsheni kuya kumkheli wokuphatha. Amaphathi esikhathi esiphambili, amavalvi, amathanki webuffer, isikhumba sokufill, imithombo yamaphathi, kanye namaphathi ayodwa kwenza umkheli wokuphatha.

U Isitsheni sokuphatha umilki we-UHT uyibonisa umbono wokuthenga kwe-sterilization kanye nokuphatha kwe-aseptic. Abathengi abadinga ulwazi oluningi ngamakheli okuphatha, ukuphatha kwezincwadi, kanye nokuphatha kokugcina kungase bavakashela  isigaba sokufill aseptic yebheveriji engeyona-acid .

Ukukhetha Indlela Yokufill kanye Ne-dosing

Indlela yokufill ephambili iyinkimbinkimbi yeprodukti kanye ne-container, akayi kulandela inani le-accuracy eliyodwa.

Indlela Yokubhala	Kwakholwa kakhulu ngamandla	Izindikimba zokujonga
Ukufaka emanzini noma emithambo	Amazibuko nezindawo zokudla ezihlukene ngemikhumbi yezindawo	Ukudla kwezibuko, ubude bekhumbi, ubuhle bokusebenza nokulungiselela ukulinganisa kwesiphetho
Ukufaka ngokusebenzisa i-magnetic flow-meter	Amazibuko okhuluma ngokuphelele, amazibuko okhuluma ngokuphelele	Ukuphelele kwezibuko, ukuphelele kwezibuko, ukulinganisa nokubaluleka kwe-CIP
Ukufaka ngokusebenzisa umkhumbi wemass	Izindlela ezingadinga ukulinganisa ngokuphelele umkhumbi	Ukuthenga, ukuphatha kwemiphumela yokuqhubeka ngokwempilo, nokuhlela kwezinkinga
Ukufaka kwemithambo noma ukufaka kwezinkampani zokubala	Izinto eziphambili kanye nezinye izinto ezenziwe ngamaphakathi	Ukuhluka kwemivali, ukuthintana, ukucleanswa, nokuxhuma isikhathi
Ukufaka kwezinkinga zokugcina	Izindlela zokusebenza ezihlanganiswe ngomkhawulo wokugcina wezinkinga	Ukuguqula kwezinkinga zokugcina, ukudlula, ukusobala kokubala, nokushaya isikhathi sokulandela
Ukufaka okulinganiselwe noma okusebenzisa ipampu	Izindlela ezingafanele noma ezingaphansi kwezikhathi zokusebenza	Ukuguqula kwezinto, ukuphatha kwezimpumpu, nokufakwa kwemikhawulo

Ukubiza abasolva ukuthi baphendule ngokuthi iprodukthi, isikhathi sendawo, indawo yokufaka, isikhathi sokusebenza nokuthi yini umthwalo wokuzimisa okuphakanyisiweyo. Amilki, amayogurti ayesikhiwe noma amayogurti esifuba asingafanele ukuthi bafanele kusenzo samesi sisitemu sokufaka.

Ukuhambisana Kwesivinini Esizweni

Isikhathi sokusebenza sokugcina akufani nezinhloko zokuthengiswa. Yenza isivinini ngemiphakathi yesikhathi sokusebenza futhi kufaka izinto zokusebenza ezihlukile ekuphakanyiseni isikhathi sokusebenza:

• Izibhalo zeprodukthi nezinkampani zokufaka
• Amatshe okuchitha nokuhlanza
• Ukuhlanganisa izifomethi nezirishiphi
• Amatshe okuvula nokuvula
• Ukuphatha okuplanwa
• Amatshe okuvula okunormali nokuthi kungabikho
• Isikhathi sokufika kwezinhloko zokufunda
• Ukuhlanganisa imibhalo kanye nokufaka emaphakethi

Sebenzisa iziphakamiso zokusebenza ezisizini noma eziphathelene nezinqumo, kodwa akukho isilinganiso se-OEE esifanayo sokubeka kuzonke iziprojekthi. Umthunywa kufanele abone ukuthi isilinganiso esisitholwe siyispeidi yomkhili wokusebenza okuphelele, ispeidi esitholwe ngokuzimela noma ispeidi sokuproducwa esitholakele ngemikhakha ethile.

Imishini engafanele ngokushesha iyasetshenziswa njengesilinganiso sespeidi yomkhili. Amakhonveya okuhlanganisa kanye amaphondolo okuhlanganisa angahlinza izihluku ezincinci; akakwazi ukwenza isilinganiso sokuphula isikhathi esingafanele sokuphulwa kwe-pasteurizer, isilabeli, isipaki noma isikhumbuzo.

Ukuchaza kanye nokufaka emaphakethi kwezinye zokugcina

Izinqumo zokuchaza ziyaphatha ngokwezinhlobo zemibhalo kanye nokuthi iprodukthi ikhona kungani. Umkhili we-dairy ungahlanganisa:

• Ukuchaza ukuthi iphakethi ibe yini noma ukuchaza umkhondo wokubhala
• Ukuchaza ukuthi iphakethi liyasebenza kanye nokuchaza ukuthi iphakethi liyaphakanywa kangakanani
• Ukuchaza ukuthi iphakethi liyabhalwa kanye nokuchaza ukuthi liyavula kangakanani
• Ukubhala usuku noma isigaba
• Amakhamera okuchaza ukuthi isikodi siyasebenza kangakanani
• Ukubheka kwezibhala
• Amathuluzi wezinto ezingavaliyo okufanele kusetyenziswa ngokwesithuthi
• Ukukhansela ngokuzenzakalelayo nokuthi ukhansela kwenziwe

Icup yasekhaya, ikhaphu yebhotile, isikhumba sokuphakisha nesikhumba sekhasi esisemthwakweni sifana nesikhumba sakhiwo. Faka umphumela owenza kufuneka kubhekwe, indlela yokubheka, indlela yokukhansela kanye nokufunda ukuthi iziphumo ziyabhalwa njani.

Amashini amahle asebomvu angafaka amashini okuhlanganisa amasiko, ukugcina, amashini okuhlinza, amashini okupakisha ematrayini, amashini okupakisha emazikho, amashini okuvula imizikho, amashini okupakisha emapalathe nesitretshu wamapalathe. Umshini wokupakisha owenziwa ngokuphinda phinda kuyilwa yimshini yokupakisha akakwazi ukuthenga isivinini esisayishwayo.

Ukucleana ngokusebenzisa i-CIP, i-SIP nokwahlukanisa izindawo zokuhlanya

Amadluli we-dairy ayinelipidi, iphrothini, amasukhari nezinkole. Ukudesigna ukucleana kufanele kubonise ubuchule bokuhlanya, ubude bendawo yamashini, ubuchule bewater, izinto ezisetshenziswa, izihlangothi, isikhathi sokuproducwa nokuhlanya kwezindawo.

Isitayile sokuchitha kusuka kwe-CIP inakwamukela amathanki wezililo nezinkemikali, ukuthentha, izimpumpu zokuthumela nokubuyela, ukuthenga, ukulungisa isikhathi, ukulungisa ukuthentha kwezililo, izivali zokuthumela nezibhalo zezikhathi. Inombolo yamathanki nezikhathi ziyaphendula kule ndlela yokwenza. Amashini okuchitha kwezililo ezincane, amapastawurayizakh, amathanki okuchitha, izindawo zokuphatha ngokuphelele noma kuzoba kufaka kufanele kubhekwe ngendlela eyodwa noma kufanele kuchithwe ngendlela eyodwa.

Ukuchitha kwe-SIP usebenzisa lapho kufuneka kuchithwe kwezinhlobo zokusebenza ngokuphelele. Akufanele kubhekwe njengoko kufanele kuzoba kuchithwe kuzonke izindlela zokufaka ezinomthwalo. Uyabiza umthwali wokuthengisa ukuze akhombise ukuthi kuchithwa, kuchithwa kwezinkemikali noma kuchithwa kwezinhlobo; iziphi izinto ezingafuni ukuchithwa ngendlela yomuntu; futhi ukuthi kuzoba kubhekwa kanjani ukuthi kuchithwe kahle.

Ukubeka kwamanqaku kuyisisekelo lapho. Izindlela zokuchitha kwezililo ezincane nezililo ezichithiwe kufanele zibe zihlukene, izindawo zokufaka ezinomthwalo omkhulu kufanele zibekwe phansi kokuphatha, futhi abantu, izinkampani zokufaka, izililo zokugcina nezinkampani zokuphatha kufanele zibe nezindlela zokuhamba ezinomthwalo emgandeni.

Izinkampani ne-kuhlelwa kwezindawo zokusebenza

Amashini okufaka ayasebenza njengoba amaservices ayo ayasebenza. Isiqephu sokwenza kufanele sibone:

• Ukuvumela kwesithunzi ne-ampere ephakathi kwezinhlangano
• Ukuchitha, amanzi amhlophe noma ukuchitha ngokusebenzisa i-electricity
• Amadhlula amhlophe ne-amandhlula okukhanya
• Umqondo wamansi wezinhlangano ne-amansi okuchitha
• Umqondo wamafutha okuchitha, iphresha ne-peak demand
• Amaphutha okuchitha noma amagasi okuchitha uma kudingeka
• Imikhawulo yamanzi amdaka kanye namanzi angcolile
• Ukuvulwa kwendawo, ukuphatha kwe-pressure ne-temperature
• Ukufika kwindawo yokufaka, ukusebenza nokuhlela

Hlola amandla okuphakama ngokufanana engakho kungabi nge-average consumption. Ukuchitha, ukuhlula, ukuchitha kwe-CIP ne-ukubhala kungahambisana, futhi lokhu kuyinto eyadlula uma isistimu yezinhlangano ingaphezulu.

Ukubhalwa kwezinhlangano kufanele kusinike izindawo zokususa izivali zokufaka, izimpumpu, izimoto nezinye iziqondiso. Kufanele kunezindawo zokuchitha kwezinhlangano ezihlanzekile, ukufika kwabasebenzi, ukususa amanzi, izibhokisi zemiphasi nezindawo ezibalulekile zokwenyuka.

Izinhlangano eziphikisana ngokujwayelekile kwezinhlangano zezinkulungwane zezindawo

Umkhiqizo	Ukuhlela indlela	Ukufaka amapriorithi	Amathuluzi okusiza
Imilayi yokuphakanyisa	Ukufika, ukuphatha ngokulinganisa, ukuphatha ngokulinganisa kahle, ukupasteuriza nokuhlula kahle kwezinsuku ezimbi	Ukufaka kwamabhotile, amapouchi noma amakartonu okuhlela kahle	Amadhlubha amahlanu, ukugcina kwezinsuku ezimbi nokuphatha kwe-CIP
Umilki wokuqala wokufika	Ukuphatha kwe-ESL okuthile kumthwalo, ukuhlula kahle nokuthintana okuhlela kahle	Ukuphatha kwezinhloso zokuphatha kahle kwezinhloso zokuphatha kahle	Indawo yokufaka ephathelwe, ukujabulisa nokuphatha kwezinsuku ezimbi
Imilki yase-UHT	Ukulinganisa, ukuphatha ngokulinganisa kahle, ukuphatha kwe-UHT nokuthintana okuhlela kahle	Ukufaka kwezinto ngokuphatha ngokuvula kwezinto zokugcina nokubhala ngokuvula kwezinto zokugcina	Izinkampani zokusebenza ngokuvula kwezinto zokugcina/SIP njengoko kudingeka nokubhala ngokuvula kwezinto zokugcina okanye ukuxhuma ngqo
Amazimba angaphakathi kwesikhumba	Ukuchitha, ukuthatha isibonelo esifanayo, ukuthatha isibonelo sokuhlwa, ukudibanisa izinkampani, ukufaka, ukuzimela nokuhlwa	Ukufaka kwezicup ngokuphelele nokubhala ngokuvula kwezinto zokugcina kabefore ukuzimela	Isivinini sokuzimela nokuhlwa
Amazimba angakhutshwa	Ukuchitha, ukuthatha isibonelo sokuhlwa, ukuzimela ematankeni, ukuhlwa nokudibanisa izifruit zokuzimela	Ukuthintana okuncane kwezinto nokufaka kwezinto ezinzima	Amatanki okuzimela, ukuhlwa nokuclean ngokuvula kwezinto zokugcina
Amasikili okudla	Ukuzimela, ukulungisa isibonelo, ukuhlwa nokudibanisa iziflavor zokuzimela	Ukusebenzisa iphutha noma iphuthi futhi ukulawula umsindo wokufomela	Ukuthumela kancane futhi ukufilla phansi ngokuphelele kokuchitha
Isithwashi sezinkolo zemilipu esihlanganisiwe	Ukubeka izinkomo, ukugxila futhi ukuthola ukuthintana kwezindawo zokuchitha	Ukufilla okuhambisana nezinkomo, iziqephu futhi indawo yokugcina	Ukudlala, ukususa amagazi futhi izivali ezihlanganisiwe ngezinkinga

Kubaprothukthi obukhona emaphutheni, i- isitolo sokuphatha amilipu esikweni sinephakade yezinkinga eziphakathi kwezinkomo, ukuchitha, ukuchitha futhi ukufilla. Ukugcina kwezinkinga kuyaphendula kungani isithwashi siyasethe, sikhathazile, sifuma noma sibhekene nokugcina.

Yini ofanele ukufaka ku-RFQ?

Nika bonke abasuplayi abanokwenzeka isibonelo sama-design same, ukuze ukhululekile ukubuchaza izinto ezifanayo:

1. Izithotho zezinto zokusebenza nezinhlobo zokufaka emkhakheni
2. Isilinganiso sesikhathi sokusebenza kanye nesikhathi sokugcina kanye nokuhlala kwesikhathi sokugcina
3. Ukuphatha okuthi kusuka kwezinkunkuma noma ukuphatha okuthi kusuka kwezinkunkuma
4. Ukuphatha kwezinkunkuma, ukuthi kuyisiphephelo, ukuthi kuyisiphambano, nokuthi kuyizinkunkuma
5. Ukuthi kuyizinkunkuma zezinsuku, izigaba, nokuthi kuyizinkunkuma zokusebenza
6. Amadrawing amahle, izinhlobo zemithombo, nezivolumu
7. Amaphuzu, amalid, amaseyili, noma amafilm
8. Izihloko ezingahlanganisiweyo ngamahora ngalunye uluhlu lwe-SKU
9. Isikhathi sokufaka kanye nokuthi kuyizinkunkuma zokufaka kusuka kwezinye izindawo
10. Ukuchitha, ukuchitha kakhulu noma ukuchitha ngokwemikhawulo yezimpilo
11. Isiphakathi sokuhlola, ukubhala amagama nezinkotho zokugcina kabusha
12. Ukuphindaphinda kwezinto ezithengisiweyo nezinhlobo zemibhokisi
13. Izinqumo ze-CIP/SIP nezinqumo zokurekoda ukuprodukisa
14. Amathuluzi atholakalayo nokuchaza kwamanzi
15. Ubukhulu bepharamu, ubude bekhanda, izindlela zokufika nezindlu zokuvula
16. Amashini asezingxenye zangaphambili nezangaphakathi ezisemthwakathini
17. Isiphakathi sokufaka, ukusobala, ukubonisa ukuthi kusebenza kahle nokufundisa
18. Izinto eziphambili noma ukongeza ukukhula kwezinhlobo

U-Weishu unakusebenzisa lezincazelo ukwenza uluhlu lwamashini olwakhiwe kahle, ukubheka ukuthi izinhlobo ziyahlukana kahle, isikhombiso sezintuluzi nokubheka ukuthi kuyahlukane njani umkhakha. Ukubeka izibizo zokubona kuleli xesha libhekise ukuthi akube nesixhoba esingasendaweni sokufaka.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yiziphi izinkotho ezihlanganiswe emgqa wokufaka emazimboni?

Kungakwenzeka ukuthi kubhalwe ukulungisa iprodukthi, ukugcina ngokufanayo, ukupasteuriza noma ukusebenzisa indlela yokuhlanza (UHT), izinkumbulo zokuhlanya okuhle noma okungafanele, izimpumpu, izihluzi, ukuphatha izinkothambo, ukufaka, ukugcina, ukujonga, ukukoda, ukuphakisha kwesibili, nokwenza i-CIP/SIP nokusebenzisa izindawo zokusebenza. Ukuthenga izinkimbinkimbi kuphela kungahleli kuchaphazela oku konke, ngakho ke uhlale ujonge ngokucacile ukuthi kubhalwe nini.

Ngani ngizokhetha imishini yokufaka amilki?

Qala ngendlela yokuproduktha, indlela yokugcina, isikhombisa, ukuvutha okudingekayo, isikhathi sokufaka, ukuthi kuyisikhathi sokufaka, ukuthi kuyisikhathi sokufaka, ukuthi kuyisikhathi sokufaka, nokuthi kuyisikhathi sokufaka. Emva kwalokho, qhathanisa indlela yokufaka, ukuchitha, ukuguqula, ukulawula, ukugxilisa, nokuvutha okutholakala ngokuvamile ngeminye imiphumela yokuvamile.

Yikuphi umph difference phakathi kwe-hygienic filling ne-aseptic filling?

I-hygienic filling iyakwenzela ukuthi iprodukthi ephasteurizwe ayikwazi kufika emva kwe-recontamination, futhi iyasebenziswa ngokujwayelekile ngokugcina emaphoyinteni. I-aseptic filling iyakwenzela ukuthi iprodukthi ephumelelayo ngokuphelele iyakwenzela ukuthi ibe yisikhathi sokufaka ngokuphelele ngokuphathwa ngokuphelele, ukuthi kusetyenziswa isikhombisa esiphumelelayo, nokugcina. Ngakho ke izinkimbinkimbi nezinkinga zokuvamisa ziyahlukahluka.

Ingaba imishini yokufula inakwazi ukusebenzisa izibhokisi, izikopo, izipuwa nasezinkulungwane?

Kahle. Imishini ingakwazi ukusebenzisa amathuba amaningi eminye isifundo sezinto ezihlukene, kodwa izibhokisi, izikopo, izipuwa, izinkulungwane zokuphakama kanye nezinkulungwane zokuhlala kuzimele zisebenzisa izinhlangano zokufaka, ukwenza nasezokugcina ezahlukene. Izinhlangano zokusebenza zokuhlanganisa zingasoloko izinhlangano zokufula ezahlukene.

Kufanele ukubala ubukhulu bokufula kwesikhathi sokudla njani?

Qaphela kusukela kwezinkulungwane ezingafunekileyo ngomshini wokusebenza. Faka kuleli qembu isikhathi sesibhokisi, ukuchitha, ukuguqula, ukulunga, ukuthinteka okuncane, izinto ezingavumelekileyo kanye nokubala ubukhulu bokusebenza phansi. Qiniseka ukuthi inombolo yokuthengisa iyisibhokisi esiphambili, isibhokisi sokuzimela noma ubukhulu obuvumelwe ngamaphuzu akhethekile.

Ngabe konke umshini wokufula kwesikhathi sokudla kufune ukuchitha ngokwesibhokisi (CIP) nasezokuhlala kuzimele (SIP)?

Izinhlangano zokudla zokuhlanganisa zifuna indlela yokuchitha eyavumelwe, okunjalo ukuchitha ngokwesibhokisi (CIP). Ukuchitha ngokuhlala kuzimele (SIP) kuyasebenza lapho ubunzima bezokuhlala kuzimele kufanele kuchithwe kabefore ukusebenza. Izinhlangano nezindlela ziyaphenduka ngokwezinto ezihlukene kanye nezindlela zokuhlanza.

Yiziphi izinto ezikuthinta inombolo yokuthenga kwemishini yokufula nasezokupakisha kwesikhathi sokudla?

Izindlela zokuthenga ezinkulu ziyizinto zokuthenga eziphakathi, iklasi yokuqhubeka kwemithombo, ifomathi yokubhala, ukuvutha, inombolo yezi-SKU, umthwalo wokufaka, ukuzilungisa izintlu, ukuzimela, ukuzifunda, ukubhala kwezinye izinto, ukuzilungisa nokuzisusa (CIP/SIP), izinkampani zokusebenza, ukubhala, ukufaka kwezindawo nokuzivavanya.

Setha umgqa kabefore ukulandela amafilda

Izinkampani zokufaka zemithombo ezinembile ziyathanda ukuthi zihambisane nezinto zokuthenga, umthwalo, iphakheji, indawo yokusebenza nokuphatha kwezindawo. Umfilda wezikhathi ezinkulu akasenza isidingo sokuqhubeka uma isikhathi sokuphatha asikwazi ukumfuna ngokuphakeme, iphakheji ayisekho ngokuphakeme noma izinkampani ezinye ziyabhekana ngokuphakeme.

Thumela ulistu lwemithombo yakho, isiphumo sokuvutha, izithombe zephakheji, isiphumo sokugcina, umthwalo wokuphatha, izimo zokusebenza, nokuphatha kwezindawo kuWeishu. Isiqephu esihle kufanele sibhale umthwalo wokuphatha, isiphumo sokukhokha kwezinkampani, ukubalwa kwezikhathi zokuvutha, isiphumo sokusebenza, isithombe sokuphatha, nokwahlukaniswa kwezinkinga ngaphambi kokulinganisa izimali.