Ukuzibona izinkinga zesiqondiso se-Dairy CIP: Izinkinga eziphakade, izizwe zokwenza kwezinkinga, nokuthintela izinkinga

Isiqondiso se-dairy CIP singakwazi ukugcina konke amaphuzu akhethwe, ukubonisa ukuthi akukho mazwi okuthakazelwa, kodwa futhi singabahlela ubuchwepheshe bezinto ezisemkhakheni. Umthwalo ungaba ngokusebenzisa isivinini esingasendaweni, kodwa futhi ungaba ngokungafanele kwe-umsindo, ukuphatha isikhathi, ukuthakazelwa okungafanele kwemithambo yemakhemikhali, ukufihla okungafanele kwezinkumbu, ukuthakazelwa okungafanele kwezivali, amanzi angatholakali, noma imithombo engalithakazelwa ngokuphelele ekhaya.

Ukuzulazula kwezinkinga zokuphatha izinkomo ngokupheleleyo kusobala ngokubhekiselela kubizo, akubhekisi kuzo konke iziphakamiso zokuphatha. Ukuphakama kwesikhathi, ukuphakama kwesikhathi, noma ukudibanisa izinkemikhali ngaphandle kokubonisa ubungani obuyiyo bokuphatha kungahlela ukuphakama kwamandla nezilwane, ukuvulwa kwezinyathelo, ukuvulwa kwezinyathelo, ukukhula kwezinyathelo, nokugcina ubungani obuyiyo.

Kulemibhalo, uWeishu uyabonisa indlela okufanele abasebenzi bokuphatha izinkomo bakhuluma kusukela ekuboneni kwezinto eziyisibonelo esibonakalayo kuze kube nesifundo sokubona ubungani obuyiyo. Isifundo sibonakalayo kukuthi kusobala ukuthi ubungani obuyiyo buvela kumthwalo wokuphatha, isithuthi sokuphatha, izinkotha ezihlanganiswe, izinhlobo zezilwane, umdlalo wokuphatha, noma ukusebenza kusuku.

Kungani ukuthi ukuphatha okupheleleyo kungahleli kufa

Umdlalo we-CIP ubizwa ngokujabulisana kwezinyathelo ezine zokuchitha: isikhathi, ubukhulu bekhethe, umsebenzi wemakhimikali, nokusebenza kwemishini. Lezi zinto zisebenza ngokuhambisana. Ukuphakama kwezikhathi akakwazi ukubuyisa ngokuphelele ukungafika kwespray device ekuseni sasezindaweni zokugcina. Ukuthi ikhemikali yekhethe iyisilinganiso esihle kwisevishi ye-CIP ayikuthi lelinganiso lisifika kuqala lwesikhombiso eside. Ukuthi iphamphu isebenza ngokukhula kwayo ayikuthi konke amaphansi ayathola umsindo owudingekayo.

Izinkampani zokuprodukha zihlanganisa futhi kusisitemu sokuchitha. Amatanki, amaphathi wezimbili, izindlela zokuphakama, izivali, izinkampani zokuchitha, iziphamphu, izinhloso, amasiko okubuyela, namaplace okuvula aphinda azimele indlela yokuhamba kwesilika sokuchitha. Uma umkhahla wokuprodukha unazo izindawo ezingavuliyo, izindawo zokugcina kwezinye izindawo, izindawo ezingavuliyo, izindawo ezingazivulwani, noma izivali eziphathelene ngokungafanele, isicelo singasikwazi ukuchitha konke okuhambisana nezinto zokuprodukha.

Ngaphambi kokuguqula isicelo, uphendula imibuzo emithathu:

1. Ubuphi ubunyathelo noma ubukhulelwa kwebhizinisi?
2. Kuphi umqondo wokucisha okufanele ukususa leli sibonelo seso?
3. Yini okubonisa ukuthi izimo ezingahlanganisiweyo zazifike kulesi sikhundla?

Lezi mibuzo ibhala umlando ngokuphelele. Zaphinda zihlukanisa ingxenye yemithombo yokuqonda isibonelo esingaphansi kwesikhundla noma isibonelo sokugcina kwezinhlelo zonke.

Qalani Nge-Method Yokuqonda Isibonelo Ekhona Ngokuphindekayo

Umlotha wokuvavanya okuhle kufanele ukugcina isibonelo esiphilile ngokuphakade ukuze kubhekwe izinto ezinconywa. Uma umgqa uzocishwa ngokushesha ngomqondo omkhulu, indawo iyakubuyisa umsebenzi kodwa iyakulahla ulwazi olufanele ukungena emsebenzini futhi.

Hlalutsheni Isibonelo Ngokuchaza Kakhulu

"Umhlabathi awukhange" kuyisibonelo esinkulu kakhulu. Qhatha isibonelo esihlukene kanye nesikhundla:

• ukubonwa kwe-protein, ifat, isikali seminyaka, umbala, noma isivumelwano;
• ukungafanele kwe-rinse-water, isikhundla, noma ukuzama kwe-microbiological;
• isibonelo esingaphakathi kwesitanki, isivali, ipayipi, isikhundla sokuhlukanisa isikhathi, isifiliza, noma umgqa wokubuyela;
• ukufa okuphinda-phinda emva kwezinto eziyisithi noma isikhathi sokuproducwa;
• ukuphakama kakhulu kwesifanayo, ukunciphisa kokuthumela umoya, umoya owengafanele, noma izimo zokubuyela okungafanele;
• indawo eyisinye efelile ngaphandle kokuba izindawo eziningi zifelile ngokufanayo;

Amaphoto, izindawo zokuthenga izihlalo, izikhathi zokuthenga, ubuchwepheshe bezibhalo, inombolo yekholi yokucleansa, nokuthi kufanele kubhalwe ngokusho kwe-Operator kusiza ukulinganisa leli qembu nezinye ezingaphambili noma ezingamva;

Linganisa Konke Ukuguqula, Akukho Kuphela Isimo Sokugcina

Umbuzo we-“cycle complete” uyavuma kuphela ukuthi umdlalo wokulawula wabuye emva kwesinye sesigaba sakhe. Linganisa izinombolo eziphathelene nesifanayo, isikhathi sokuthumela nesobuyela, isikhathi sokuthumela nesobuyela, ubuchwepheshe bechemikhali noma ukuthi kuyizinkampani, ubuchwepheshe bezibhalo, ubuchwepheshe besifanayo, isikhathi sesigaba, nokuthi kuyiphi indawo yezivali lapho lezi zinhlobo ziyatholakala.

Bheka ukuthi ukufudumala kubambezelekile yini, kunesikhathi esifushane ngaphansi kwesimo esihlosiwe, ukugeleza okubuyela emuva akusimeme, ukuncibilika okungalindelekile, isinyathelo esiphelile ngaphambi kokuba ukubuyela emuva kuzinze, noma ukuguqulwa kwe-valve okuphambukise ingxenye yesekethe. Izilinganiso zingafihla ukuphambuka okufushane kodwa okubalulekile. Umkhuba kufanele ubonise ukuthi kwenzekani phakathi nesinyathelo.

Inkinga 1: Ukugeleza kwe-CIP kuphansi kakhulu noma akusimeme

Isenzo somshini esifundeni esivaliwe sivela ekuhambeni koketshezi lokuhlanza phezu kwendawo. Ukugeleza okuphansi noma okungazinzile kungashiya inhlabathi ngaphakathi kwamapayipi, ama-valve, amagatsha ezinsimbi, nezishintshisana ukushisa ngisho nalapho izinga lokushisa nokuhlushwa kwamakhemikhali kubonakala kulungile.

Izimbangela ezingaba khona zihlanganisa:

• i-filter noma umshini wokufafaza oboshiwe;
• isivelo esingavali soka kwe-pump noma isibhakabhaka esihlukile;
• ukuphela kakhulu kwesifunda sokubhala;
• ivali eyisikhiwe ngokuphutha noma eyisikhiwe ngokulandela okungafanele;
• isibhakabhaka esisivuli noma indlela eyayisiphephileyo yokugcina;
• isilwane sengena emsukanweni woka kwe-pump;
• indlela yokubhala isilayili yemithi emininzi kwi-tanki ye-CIP;
• umkhondo wabhekwe phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo zokusebenza kwe-pump;
• ukungafanele kwenkulumo yokubuyela noma umkhondo wokubuyela ongafanele.

Ungakhohlwa ukubhala ukuvulwa kuphela ngokufanana kwesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-motor yepump. Hlola ukubhala okuhambisana nokuvulwa, ukuphatha kwezindawo zokunika nokubuyela, izimo zokuthinta kwe-pump, isilayili sase-tanki, nokuvulwa kwe-valve. Uma umkhondo unamaphuzu amaningi okuvulwa ngokuphelele, qinisa ukuthi ukuvulwa kuyahambisana njani phakathi kwazo.

Ukuchaza okuphambuka kungahlanganisa ukucisha ukungafanele, ukurepaira ipump, ukulungisa umdlalo wezivalve, ukwahlula umkhondo omkhulu kakhulu, ukuguqula ukuvulwa kwezindawo zokubuyela, noma ukubhala kabusha ukusebenza kwe-pump. Ukungafanele kwezindawo zokugcina kufanele kuchazwe ngokuphathelene nokusebenza kahle kanye nokungavunyelwa ngokuphindelela ukucisha.

Inkinga yesibili: Isikhashana sokucisha asifikele kuwo wonke umkhondo

Ukukhanya kwe-supply ekhaya le-CIP kungakwazi ukufika ekhuluphini elithakatha ngakumbi, kodwa ukubuyela kusuka emuva kungaba ngenani elincane kunezinkinga ezifanele. Ukude kwezinhlanga, izinkampani ezinomoya, ukungafakwanga kwezinkampani zokuchitha umoya, ukungafanele kwezinkampani zokuchitha umoya, ukudonsa okungasemthethweni kwamanzi, noma ukukhulu kwezinhlanga kungabangela lokhu lokuguqula.

Lohlola izinhlanga zokukhanya nezinhlanga zokubuyela ngemva kwezintuku. Qaphela isikhathi esisodwa sisihlola ukuthi izinhlanga zizihlola njani futhi ukuthi isikhathi sokuhlola kusobala kabusha ngaphambi kokuba ukubuyela kufikile ekhuluphini elivalekisiwe. Isensha yemithambo yokuhlanza iyatholakala ephakade kweheater ayikwazi ukubonisa indawo engekhulu kakhulu kwezinhlanga zonke.

Izindlela zokusebenza zokulungisa ziyashiyekile ukubona ukuthi ukuchitha umoya kufanele, ukuchitha izindawo eziphakade, ukutshintsha ukuthi ukuzihlola kufanele, ukuvikela ukuthi amanzi ayadonselwa ngaphandle kwemthetho, ukwahlukanisa izinhlanga, noma ukugcina izindawo zokuhlola. Isiphumo esifanele sisebenza ngokuthi ingabe kukhona ukungafanele kwezinkampani zokuchitha umoya, ukuchitha umoya okungafanele, ukulinganisa okungafanele, noma ukuthi ukuthi ukuzihlola kufanele.

Ingxenye yezinkinga 3: Ukuthi ukukhanya kwezinkampani akufanele noma akufanele kakhulu

Ukuqiniseka kwesikhathi sokugcina kungabonakala ngokungafanele noma umshini wokugcina uya seba wasebenza. Ingxenye yendlela yokubonakala kungaba yisikhathi sokugcina esingasoloko, okanye ukuthi kungaba yisikhathi sokugcina esingasoloko, okanye umshini wokugcina awusizi, amalitha okugcina asihlukile, amalitha okugcina akhona kumaphethi, isivinini sokuzima esibhekene nesilwane, isilwane esingasoloko, ukulinganisa okungafanele kokufana, okanye ukukhetha isifundo esingafanele.

Okokuqala, qiniseka ukuthi ivelaphi lebhalansi elibonakalayo: liyilinganiswa ngqo, liyavela kusukela kwe-conductivity, okanye liyavela kusukela kusikhathi sokugcina. Ukulinganisa conductivity kungasebenza, kodwa ukuvakashela kuyaphendula kusukela kwezintemperatura, isithi sesikhathi sokugcina, ubunzima besilwane, nokuphakanyiswa kwesilwane esisikhe. Isikhombisi kufanele sishayiswe kanye nesikhombisi kufanele sisebenziswe ngendlela esizimele.

Bhala ukubhekana kwezindlela zokulungisa isithuthi, ukusolwa nokubuyela emva kwezindlela zokusebenzisa izinkimika ezivumelwe ngendawo. Ukuphefumula kwesilinganiso sokufakwa kungabonisa ukuthi kusolwa, ukuthi kugcina, ukudlula noma ukuthi kugcinwa amanzi. Ukuchaza okunconywa kungahlanganisa ukulinganisa kabusha, ukulungisa ukufaka, ukulungisa ukusolwa, ukulungisa ukususa amanzi noma ukuguqula indlela yokusebenza okuvumelekile.

Umbuzo 4: Ukuthi izinkomo zokuphatha noma izinkomo zokuphatha zingaphansi emva kokulungisa

Amilki nezinkampani zokuphatha amilki zingathabatha izinkomo zokuphatha noma izinkomo zokuphatha ematankeni, emapipini, emizimbini, emahomogenayazini, emakhomishini zokuphatha nokufaka. Indawo yezinkomo zokuphatha ziyabonisa umlando omuhle.

Umfanekiso wokubhala kwezindawo ezinkulu ungabonisi ukuthi ukucisha akwenzeka ngokuphelele. Ukubhala okukhulu kuphela emuva kwesikhumba, phansi kwesiqondiso sesikhumba, noma kwezincamango zokugcina kungabonisa ukuthi ukufika kwezindawo ne-umkhondo akwenzeka ngokuphelele. Ukubhala okususwe kwezindawo zokuchitha kungabonisa izinhlobo zezindlela zokuproducwa nokucisha. Ukubhala okuphinda kubhala ngeminyaka yezindlela zokuproducwa kungabonisa ukuthi izindlela zokuproducwa ziyaphikisana ngaphezu kwezindlela zokucisha ezivumelekile.

Londoloza:

• isiproducti nesifomuleyithi esesekwenzekayo kabefore ukungafaneleko;
• isikhathi sokuproducwa nokuguqula kokuchitha;
• isikhathi sokuzwa phakathi kokuproducwa nokuphatha kwezindawo zokucisha kahle;
• isimo sokuphatha kwezindawo zokucisha kahle nokubuyisela isiproducti;
• izimo zokucisha ngokusebenzisa amakhemikhali okuvula nokuguqula kwezindawo zokucisha;
• umkhondo phakathi kwezinkulungwane eziphathelene nalo;
• isimo sezindawo zokuchitha, izihluzi, nezinkulungwane ezinzima ukucisha;
• ukuthi inkulungwane iyadinga ukuthintwa kancane noma ukucisha ngaphandle kwendawo.

Ukwenza okulungile kungaba nokusebenza, nokuzenzekela, noma kubukho kwezindlela zokusebenza. Izibonelo zikhuluma ngokuphepha ukuzimisa phambi kokucisha, ukulungisa isimo sokushelela, ukubuyisela umsindo, ukulungisa izinyango eziphakanyisiwe, ukuchaza indlela yokususa amasimu, noma ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi indlela yokucisha ebuyiselwe iyasebenza kakhulu kumaqikiza angafanele.

Inkinga yezinyanga: Ukuthi izinkambo zemithi noma amasimu emilki ayabuyela futhi

Izinkambo zemithi ziyadlala kahle lapho umilki uyachazwa, amanzi ayadlula, noma amanzi amabi ayafika kumsebenzi. Kungabonakala njengendlela engeyona, engeyona, futhi kungalungiselela isiphephelo esingavuthi esizokwakha izinkambo zemithi eziningi.

Hlola ubunzima bemilki, imiphumela yokuchazwa, ukuphakamisa kwemikhumbu yamaphathi, ukwenza amaphathi, isikhathi, ukusukela, nokubonakala kwezinyango zokuchazwa. Ukuphakama kwezinkinga noma ukuphela kwezinkinga zokuchazwa kwe- iphephe lophutha kungase kusiza ekuvakaleni, kodwa kufanele isikhombisa sivakalwe nesewisiswa ngokulandela indlela eyavumelwe.

Ukuphatha okuphinda-phinda kwe-descale ngaphandle kokubona isibonelo sikhona kuyaphatha ubudlelwane. Isitolo singadinga ukuthintela ukusebenzisa amanzi, ukunciphisa ukufoula kwezinto eziphakathi, ukuthintela ukulawula kwezinye izinkampani zokufuna, noma ukuguqula isikhumbuzo sokuproducisa nokucleana. Lokhu konke okuguqulwa kwezinkampani kufanele kube lungeziwe ngamathuba okukhanya, amagasket, amasipho, nokuthintela ukuthintela kwamandla.

Inkinga ye-6: Amagqabi we-tank noma isihloko esiyangaphambili asicleani ngokuphelele

I-tank lingadinga ukuthola umsindo wokugcina ngokuphelele kodwa kungaba nezindawo ezisizokwenzeka ukuthi isipho sokuqonda asifikele ngokuphelele. Ukukhetha okungafanele kwe-spray-ball, amaholes angabhalwe, isifunda esincane, isikhundla esingafanele sokuhlanganiswa, izithunzi zezinto ezikhiywa ngaphakathi, ifoam, noma ukuguqula kwezindawo zokugcina kungabakhula ukuthi kubhekwe ngokuphelele.

Yenza umlando wokukhombisa isithuthi sokushisa nokufakwa kwakho. Qiniseka ukuthi yilokho okuchazwe, isihlukahlukene, isifanele kakhulu, futhi isithunywa ngamathuba okusebenza kwayo. Qaphela izikhumbuzo ezisemagubeni emagubeni, izibhambo zokuphatha, iziphephetho zokulinganisa imithwalo, izindawo zokungena, nezinhlobo zezinhlobo zokugcina ngaphakathi. Ukuguqula itanki kunokuguqula umdlalo wokucleana nakuba isivumelwano sokucleana sisingasemthwini.

Ukuphakanyiswa kokukhombisa kufanele kufolowele indlela ephumelelayo nokuphumelela kwezindlela. Uma isibhambo sesikhundla, isibhambo sesikhundla, noma isibhambo sesikhundla singasemthwini sibuyela esikhundleni, ukongeza ikhemikhali ayikwazi ukusiza isibhambo esingasemthwini.

Xa uyakhetha noma uyaguqula  izintanki zokuhlola , qiniseka isithuthi sokucleana, izinkambu zokugcina ngaphakathi, ukuvulwa kwezinyama, umdlalo wokuphatha, nokuxhumeka kweCIP njengesiqephu sezinto zokugcina.

Inkinga ye-7: Izinkambu ezingavuli, izinkambu zokuhlunga, nokuvulwa okubi kwezinyama

Amazwi amaningi okukhulula ayisisekelo esikhulu kwezinhlobo zokugcina. Amabranche akhululekile kakhulu, izinkampani ezingaphakamile kahle, izihlangothi ezikhiphwe, izindawo ezibhili ezingaba yizinye zokugcina amanzi, izindawo ezincane ezingaba yizinye zokugcina amanzi, izihlangothi zokugcina ezingafanele, nokuhlanganisa izivalve ezingavumela ukuzilahla kwezinye zezinye zokugcina.

Sebenzisa i-diagram yokuprosesa nokuzinca, i-matrix yezivalve, nokugcina ngokwesithunzi njengoba kuyisisekelo. Qiniseka ukuthi yini lezinhlobo zokugcina zingabona iprodukti, yini ezingadinga ukukhulula, indlela yokufika kwamanzi okukhulula, indlela yokuphuma kwamanzi okukhulula, nokuthi amanzi okukhulula azifuna kuphi. Qhubeka ngenxa yezinguquko ezwenziwe emva kokusethwa kwesikhulu, futhi kubhekwe izinkampani ezingashicile, izihlangothi ezimbalwa, izindawo zokuphatha isampuli, nezindawo zokuphambuka.

Umgomo woku-8: Ukulangana Kwesivalve Okungafanele Noma Ukulangana Kwesivalve Kwezinye Izinhlobo

Ukuthi izivali zihlelwe ngokuzenzakalelayo kungathintela umsindo wokucwashwa ukuba usebenze ngendlela engafanelekileyo, ukuphazimula indawo yezikhombiso, ukubambisana amasiko okubuyela, noma ukuvumela ukuthi izikhombiso zokuprodukha nezokucwashwa zihlanganise ngendlela engafanelekileyo. Umthwalo ungaba ngokuguqula ukuphakamisa, ukungafani kwezibonelo, ingxenye yokusebenza, ukuthi umsebenzi wasekhaya uqhubeka, ukulinganiswa okungafanelekileyo kwezivali, noma ukungalinganisi kwezinkambo nezinhlobo zezikhombiso ezitholakalayo.

Hlukanisa umsindo wokuphakamisa ne-matrix yezivali yasekhaya ne-drawing yezikhombiso. Qiniseka ukuthi izindawo zokuthi zifakwe zilinganise nezindawo zokuthi ziyaphakathi kanye nokuthi izibonelo zokuthi ziyaphakathi ziyasebenza ngokuphelele. Hlukanisa izilumkiso, izigcino, iziguqulo zokulungisa, kanye nezinye izinyathelo apho izikhombiso ezimbili zihlelwa ngokufanayo.

Ingxenye yoku-9: Amanzi, Ichemikhali, noma Isikhathi Sokucwashwa Sihamba Kude

Ukusebenzisa kakhulu akuyiyo ngamandla okuthi isithembiso sikhulu kakhulu. Kungabonakala ukuthi izivali zihlwa, ukuphela kokurinisa kwezinsuku ezinkulu, ukubuyela kweprodukthi akukho, ukusebenzisa kakhulu umkhawulo wokugcina, ukulawula okungasemthethweni ukuthi ikhomishini yisilinganiso, ukudlula kwezinkumbulo ngokungafanele, ukuguqula okungafanele emaphazimboni, noma umkhawulo owadlula ukuthi ubheke kakhulu.

Bheka ukuthi ukusebenzisa kusuka emva kwezinsuku zonke noma kusuka emva kwezinhloso zokuprodukha, angakabhekanga kuphela umthwalo weminyaka yezinsuku zonke. Hlanganisa umkhawulo wokubuyela kweprodukthi, ukurinisa kabusha, ukwenza ikhomishini, ukuzilayela, ukurinisa phakathi, ukurinisa ekupheleni, nokuhlanza lapho kukhona ukubhalwa. Porusha amakhawulo amafanayo futhi uhlakanise izinguquko eziphambili emva kokuhlukaniswa noma emva kokuguqula isithembiso.

Ukuhlelwa kufanele kqala kuphela emva kokuthi ukucleanswa kwenziwe ngokupheleleyo kubonakaliswe. Izindlela zokuhlelwa eziphawulekayo ziyafaka ukubuyisela okwanele kweprodukthi, ukugcina ukuthi amaqhwa ayilungile noma ukuthi izimo ziyilungile, ukubuyisela ishumi lomkhakha apho kufanele, ukulungisa isikhathi sokuvula kwevalve, ukuthi amaqhwa ayidraini ngokupheleleyo, ukuthi amaqhwa ayithuluzi, nokugcina izigaba zezikhundla ezifanele. Konke okuchangwa kufanele kubhekwe ngokuzimisela ukuze ukuthinteka kwamathuba akungahleli ukuthi ukuthinteka kwesihlalo.

Inkinga ya-10: Amarekodi wecycle ayiphumelela kodwa iziphumo zesihlalo asiphumeleli

Lokhu yinkimbinkimbi eyinkulu kakhulu yokuzivikela i-CIP. Amavali abhalwe angafana nezilinganiso zabo zokuphatha, kodwa ukubonakalisa ngokwezinye izindawo, ukubonakalisa kwezinye izindawo, ukucleanswa kwezinye izindawo, noma ukubonakalisa ngokwezinye izindawo kungafanele.

Izizathu eziphawulekayo ziyafaka:

• izisensor zibhabha isikhundla kodwa akabhabhi indawo eyasithinta;
• izilinganiso zabhalwe azifani nezilinganiso zokucleanswa okwenzelwe ngokuphatha;
• indawo ethile iyaphakathi kwezinye izindawo noma iyaphandle kwezindawo zokudluliswa kwezinto zokucleanswa;
• isithombe esingasemthethweni sibonakalisa isivumelwano esifanele kodwa singasemthethweni;
• indlela yokusukuma, indawo yokusukuma, noma isikhathi sokusukuma sisishintsha;
• ukufutha kusenza ngokuphambuka kwe-CIP ngokugcina, ukuthumela, ukugcina, noma ukugcina kokuphatha;
• izinkampani eziqondwa njengazo zokwenza i-CIP kufanele zihlukaniswe;
• i-biofilm noma izinyathelo ezingavumelekile zifune isikhombisa sokulungisa esibhalwe ngokuhlanganisa;

Ungafanele ukuhlinzeka ngokumenya isifundo sokuvumela ukuze sifanele ne-record yekhaili. Qinisekisa ukulinganiswa kwemithombo, ubunzima bokuthatha isampulu, ukubhalwa kwegama eliphakathi, ukuvikela emva kwe-CIP, nokuthintana phakathi kwezilinganiso zokomkhakha ne-verification yokuhlanya;

Amacheki asebenzayo ase-CIP

Izinkampani ezahlukene ziyenza izinkinga zokuzilungisa ezahlukene:

Iphrojekthi	Amacheki okuzilungisa kahle
Amatanki okugcina nokugcina	Ukubalwa kwe-spray, izibonakaliso zemithombo yokuqonda, izivumbi, izindawo zokuphuma, i-foam, ukuhlanya kwe-seal, nokuphuma
Amaphasterayiza ne-heat exchangers	Ukufoula kwemisebenzi, ukuphela kwe-pressure, umugqa wokuvula, izindlela zokuvula, ukusebenza kwemithambo, nokuthi izinkimba zikwazi ukubhekana nezinkimba zokushisa
Amahomogenayiza, amapampu, nemivali	Amaphuzu okugcina, imivali yezindawo, isimo sokusebenza ngemuva kokucisha (CIP), amasele, amaphuzu okugcina, nemiphumela yepressure
Izinkimba zokufika	Amaphuzu okuvula, amaphuzu okusukuma nokuhambisa, amagitha, imivali yokuphuma, ukulinda ngemuva kokucisha (CIP), nokubeka kwezinkimba eziningi
Amaphakhi neminqondo eyovuliwe	Umgxilili phakathi kwe-CIP, ukulinda, ukucisha ngaphandle kwesikhumba, nokucisha ngokwesibonelo

A  umbhazo wokuhlanganiswa kweyogurt , ngokomzekelo, kungadingeka ukuba kubhekwe ngamathuluzi amabili noma iziprogram zokucisha ngokwesibonelo zokucisha i-milk base, iprodukti ekufikeniwe, ukuchaza kwemifula, nokuphakha.

Itabule Yokucacisa Ukucisha Ngokwesibonelo

Isicaba	Izindawo ezingadingeka ukuzivakasha	Umbono okuqondile ukuzwela	Indlela yokubuyela kusukela emkhakheni
Ukuvula okuncane kwesikhathi sokubuyela	Umbhobho, isitrayan, amavavu, ukuvula kokubuyela, ukungena kwamanzi	Ukuvula nokuphepha kwezinhlobo, ubude bokugcina kwesithelo, indlela yamavavu	Susa ukuvula, buyisela umbhobho, guqula ubude bokugcina noma yisibonelo sokugcina
Ukubuyela okusheshayo kwezinhlobo zokuchaza	Umbhobho wokuchaza, ukuchazwa kwezinhlobo, ubude bokugcina kwesithelo, ukuchazwa	Izinhlobo zokuthumela/kubuyela nokuxhasa kwezinhlobo zokuchaza	Buyisela ukuchazwa kwezinhlobo, ukuchaza kwezinhlobo, ukuchazwa, noma indlela yokubuyela
Ukuthintana kwe-concentration	Ukufaka, ukuvula kwamanzi, ukugcina ukususa, isilumkiso sokubuyisela	Isibhalo sokufaka, ukuthintana, izihlanu, umdlalo wevalve	Buyisa nokuhlela; landela ukugcina nokubuyisela
Isilumkiso esikodwa esinye isikhundla	Ukubonwa, isikhundla esingasizi, isikhundla esisifanayo, isithakazelo esihlukile	Ukubonwa, ukuphakamisa ukubonwa, ukubhala, umdlalo wamanzi	Guqula ukufuna ukuchitha noma udlela lwesihlukahluka
Isilumkiso sesihlukahluka esisiphakathi	Isibhalo, ubunzima besilumkiso, umdlalo, ukuchitha okungapheli	Umlando wemvelo yezinto zokusebenza nokuthintana kwezinto zokucisha kabusha	Qinisekisa ukusebenza, umendo wokusebenza noma ukuguqula kwesikhombiso
Ukubuyiselwa kwezinkulungwane zokugqibela	Amanzi, ukugqibela kokuphakama kwamandla, indawo yamaphuzu	Imboni yamanzi, ukusebenza kwamandla, ukuthintana kwezinkulungwane zokuphakama kwamandla	Kulungise isikhundla samanzi/nokusebenza futhi qinisekisa inkulumo yokucisha
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinkulungwane eziningi zemanzi	Isiphetho sokucisha, izihluzi, ivolumu eliqondile, ukuthumela	Ukusetshenziswa kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza nokukhokha kwezinkulungwane	Yenza ukuthuthukisa ukubuyiselwa, ukususa amanzi, iziphetho, nokuhlanganisa izivali
Amabhalishi aphume, izivulayo zihluphe	Isikhundla sesensha, ukubhukisa, ukusampula, ukuthiwa kwezinto ezisemva kwe-CIP	Ukuvavanya kwesikhundla, amabhalishi wesampula, ukuzwela kwesikhundla	Buyisaphinde uvavanye imilimiti ephakanyisiweyo nokulawula ukuthiwa kwezinto

Kodwa Umshini Weyo Yisikhundla, Akuyi Inqubo

Inqubo yokuchitha ayikwazi ukusolvele konke okungafanele kwezinhlobo zokusebenza. Sicela ubheke umhlangozi wokusebenza uma izivulayo zihluphe ngokuphinda-phinda emseleni ethile, uma isikhundla asikwazi ukufika emizimbeni yokuvela esetshenziswa kahle, uma kwenziwe izinguquko ezidala izibambo noma izinkampani, noma uma ukunqoba kwesikhundla kwezokuphatha kwezinye izinto kudlula ukukhula kwesikhundla sokuchitha.

Umhlangozi kufanele akhambane nezikhundla zokusebenza, ulistu lwesinkampani, ulithi lwezincamango, imatrikhi yezivali, izikhundla zokuchitha, ukusebenza kwesipumpa, isikhundla sokuvula, izinkampani zokushaya, ukuthiwa kwezinto, ukulinganisa, izinkampani zokusebenza, ukuziphatha, nokubhalisa ukuchitha. Isigaba sikaWeishu sokuthiwa kwe-  ukubhalisa Isistimu ye-CIP yebhanki yemilke  shicelwe ukuthi kubhekwe iziphakamiso zokusebenza ozokwenza kabefore ukufaka. Ukuvavanya ukuthi kunezinkinga kuyasebenza ngokujabulisayo le-sistem, kodwa kubegina ngokubona ukuthi kunezinkinga emseleni wokusebenza.

Uma kufakwa kwemithambo kuyaphakanyiswa, bheka isistimu yokusula ngokufanayo nesifunda sezinkampani. Ukudibanisa itanki elinye, ukubhala kwezinkampani eziningi, okanye ukudibanisa umshini wokufaka ubuyela kuthinta ubukhulu bekwezinkampani, ukungafani kokugcina, isikhathi sokubuyela, ukuphakama kwesikhathi sokusula, ukuphakama kwesivalo, ukulawula kwemivali, nokuthintana kwezindawo zokuproducwa zokusula.

Izinformesheni ezingafuneki ukuzimela ukusiza ekuvumelaneni nokuvikela i-CIP

Umphendula wokuvikela owengcono uyadinga kunezibhalo 'i-CIP ayisebenzi'. Zimela:

1. isiproduct esihlakile kusukela emva kokungasebenzi nokude kokuproducwa;
2. izinkampani nezindawo zokugcina okanye izindawo zokungasebenzi kwezivavanyo;
3. isifunda sokuprocessa okanye isithombe sokubhala kwezinkampani nezivavanyo;
4. Isiphakathi sekwezinkampani yokuqonda nokulawula kwemivali;
5. isiprogram yokusula nokulawula kwamaphuzu;
6. isifunda sokufika nokubuyela, isikhathi, isitayela, ukuthintana, ukuphakama, ubukhulu, nokude;
7. uhlobo lwesichemikhali nokusebenzisa amathuba okuvumelwa;
8. imithwalo yamanzi kanye nezimo zokusebenza;
9. izifoto, amazwi okubona, izihlahla, nokuthola kwelaboratori uma kufanele;
10. ukuchaphaza kahle kahle, isoftweya, izihlilo, izinkampani, noma izinto ezintsha zokuphatha;
11. ukulinganisa ngendlela efanele yokuchaphaza kahle;
12. isikhathi esidingekayo sokuvula kabusha ukusebenza kanye nezinhlobo zokusebenza ezikhiphile.

Lezi zindaba zikusiza ukwahlula izinkinga zokuhlanzwa, ukusebenza, izinhlobo, izinkampani, kanye nezihlilo. Kuyakunciphisa futhi isibopho sokumelana ngokuthi uchaphaze kahle okungcono uma ubizo lokugcina kuyisikhundla esingafanele, indlela eyingafanele yokuvula ivavha, ukungatholakali kokulwa, noma isikhundla esingafanele sokuchaphaza.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kuzoba kuphi okudingeka ukubonwa kuqala uma ukuchaphaza kahle kwe-dairy kufa?

Qinisekisa isikhundla esifile kanye nesibonelo, emva koko bheka ukuchaphaza kahle konke kulesi sikhundla. Qinisekisa umsindo, isikhathi sokuhlanganisa nokubuyela, imithwalo yamansi, imithwalo yezinkampani, isikhathi sokubuyela, isikhathi sokuhlanganisa, indlela yokuvula ivavha, kanye nezinto ezintsha ezenzekile. Ungabegina ngokunquma konke izinto.

Kungani isikhathi sokubuyela sibizwa ngaphezu kwe-sikhathi sokuhlanganisa?

Umkhondo uphuma kwezinto ezihlukene, njengokugcina amasipho, amapiphi aphakathi kwezindawo eziphakade, umsindo wokuphakama, nokudonsa kwamanzi angafanele. Umahluko ungathola ukuthi kuyisikhundla sesensha noma ubukhulu besensha. Sicela ubheke isimo sokuphakama kuzo zonke izinsuku futhi ubeke ukuthi isikhathi sokuhlanganiswa esivumelwe sibegqamisa kuphela emva kokufika kwesimo sokubuyela sokufanele.

Ngabe ukuvutha kwezinkemikhali kungasolvele ingxenye yezinkinga zokuchitha?

Kuphela lapho ukungafanele kwezinkemikhali kuyisibonelo esivumelwe futhi isimo esishintshwe sisivumelwe. Akasikwenza ukusiza kwezinkinga zokuphakama kwezinye izindawo, ivavili engayifuni, umthwalo ongenabona, indawo yokugcina, amanzi okuchitha okugcinwa, noma isilisa esingasho. Ukuvutha kwezinkemikhali kungahlela ukuvutha kwezimali futhi kungahlela ukuthi kubhekwe ngokungabi nesibopho.

Kungani itanki enye iyafeyila ngaphandle kokuthi izitanki ezingaphakade kule CIP station ibuyela ngempela?

Itanki eyafeyile ingaba yekhanda eliphakanyisiwe noma elingafanele, inqubo eyahlukene, umgomo wevavili engafanele, ukugcina okungabi nesibopho, amapiphi aphakade, noma ingxenye yesensha noma ingxenye yokulungisa. Sicela ubheke le nto kuqala njengokufeyile kwekhanda noma kwezinto zokusebenza.

Ungani umphakathi ukuncima ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ase-CIP ngokuphelele?

Bhala ukusetshenziswa ngendlela yezinyathelo futhi qiniseka ukusebenza kokuchitha kabefore ukwenza izinye izinto. Izindlela zokubona izinkinga zingahlanganisa ukuvutha okwengeziwe kwezinto ezihlukene, ukulungisa ukususa amanzi, ukugcina amanzi okuchitha ngokuzimela, ukuvutha okuhambisana nokufanele kwezinto ezihlukene, ukulungisa isikhathi sokuvutha kwezivali, nokulungisa indlela yokusebenza. Ngisho noma yiziphi izinto eziyisinye ziyadinga ukubonwa ngokuphelele.

Kuphi kufanele ukulungisa indlela yokusebenza kwe-CIP?

Kufanele ukulungisa indlela kokusebenza uma izimo ezidingekayo azifiki kuphansi kwezinye izinyathelo zokugcina izinto, uma le ndlela yezinyathelo iyasemaphakathini ngokuphinda phinda, uma indlela yokubuyela ayisivile, noma uma ukongeza kwezinhlangano zikhiphe indlela yokusebenza nezinkambo zokusebenza zokwakhiwa kwanasekabeni.

Yiliphi ikhanda lokuchitha kwe-Dairy CIP elithinteka nguWeishu?

Ukuvavanya ukuchitha kwe-Dairy CIP kuyasebenza kakhulu uma ukuvavanya kukhokhelwa embonweni yezincwadi zokuchitha nezinkambo zokusebenza nezindawo zokugcina izinto. Ukugcina kwezinyathelo akubonisa ukuthi zonke izinyathelo zazifika kuzo zonke izinyathelo zokugcina izinto, ukuthi zazifika kuzo zonke izinyathelo zokugcina izinto, ukuthi zazifika kuzo zonke izinyathelo zokugcina izinto, ukuthi zazifika kuzo zonke izinyathelo zokugcina izinto, nokuthi zazifika kuzo zonke izinyathelo zokugcina izinto.

Thumela iprodukthi ephethekile, uluhlu lwezinkampani, umfanekiso wokugcina kwe-circuit, umdlalo wokucima, idatha le-trend elitholakalayo, izimpilo noma izindawo zokuthenga, imiphumela yezindlela zokusebenza, nokuguqula okwedlule. Ngale ndaba, itimu liyakubhala ukuthi isinyathelo esilandelayo siyakubhekana nesikhathi sokusebenza, isikhathi sokubhala amasimu, ukudlisa amakhemikhali, ukubheka izinkampani, ukubheka izihlangu, ukubheka izinhlelo zokuphatha, noma ukubheka ngokujulile isistimu sokucima.