Ukuvula Kwemvula, Ukufakwa Emjolweni, noma Ukuphuma Kwemvula: I-Sterilization System Yini Eyo Muhle Kakhulu Kusukela Kwinkulungwane Yakho?

Kungani Ukukhetha Kwemishini Yokuvula Kuyaphakatha Ngaphezu Kwesigaba Sokuvula Kwamahlahla

Yenza isikhathi sokugqibela esikhaya sokusebenza kwamahlahla futhi uya kubona izinkinga ezifanayo zizokhombisa abasebenzi bokusebenza nokwengeza amasimu okuhle. Isixoxo sokuhle sasemvula sivuthelwe emvulweni. Amaphutha amahle ayabuka noma ayadlula. Amajalisi asekhaya ayabhekana emvulweni. Izindlela zokusebenza ziyakhupha ngokuphakeme. Izimfundo zokuziphatha ziyakhupha ngokuphakeme. Ngenca yokuqala lezingcingo ziyafana, kodwa ziyagqinwa ngokuthi zihlala zisikhethe isikhetho esifanayo: ukukhetha isikhetho esingavumelekile sokuvula.

Ukukhetha phakathi kwe uhlaka Lwesitim , water immersion retort , kanye water spray retort akuyi kuphela ukufinyelela kusukela kwezinkambo zokuthengisa. Kuyi indlela yokubala phakathi kwezinkinga zokuphepha kwemithombo, ukugcina ubuchwepheshe bokuphatha okwenziwa ngokwesikhali, nokuthenga kwesikhundla sokusebenza ngotone ngalokho okuprodukiswe. Konke okuthathelwe ngokwezinye izindlela zokuthatha isibonelo esihlukene. Ukuthatha isibonelo esifushane kungakhuthaza ukuthatha isibonelo kodwa kungakhuthaza ukuthatha isibonelo esiphakeme. Ukuthatha isibonelo esincane kungagcina ubuchwepheshe bokuphatha okwenziwa ngokwesikhali kodwa kungathatha amandla okanye amanzi angaphezu kwezinye. Inkululeko yezinkambo zokuthengisa zokuzimisa kukuthola ukubaluleka okuhle kubekwe ngokwesikhali sokuphatha, isibonelo sokuthatha isibonelo, nokuthenga kwesikhundla sokusebenza.

Leli qhase lisinika isimo sesayensi sokubala izindlela zokuthatha isibonelo. Ngokuvamile kwezindlela zokuthatha isibonelo, izinqumo zase-FDA zokuthatha isibonelo, nezinkinga zokusebenza kwizindawo ezithile, sizobuchazela izindlela zokuthatha isibonelo eziyisithathu ezinkulu ekuthengisweni kwemithombo yokuqala. Uma unqamuka isikhundla esisha okanye unqamuka isikhundla esisodwa, leli qhase liyakusiza ukuthi wabaleke ngokwesibonelo sokuthatha isibonelo.

Izindlela Zokuthumela Uhlaka Nokulinganisa Kwesikhathi Sokuhlaka Kwezinteknoloji Zokuhlaka Ezintathu

Uhlaka Lwesitim

Ukuthumela Uhlaka Ngokugqibela Nokulinganisa Kwesikhathi Sokuhlaka

A uhlaka Lwesitim kungafanana nesiqondisi sokugqibela kwesikhathi sokuhlaka sesithili esihlukene nesitshikilini. Uma isitim esisodwa siphumelela kusinye sesikhathi sokuhlaka esingaphansi, sifakwa ngokushesha futhi sakhuphula uhluke lwesikhathi sokuhlaka. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi kuyisikhathi sokuhlaka esikhulu kakhulu esitholakala kuzo zonke izindawo zokusebenza kwemithambo yomshado, okwenza amahlaka esitim abe yinkokhelo yokuhlaka esikhulu kakhulu kuzo zonke izindawo.

Ulimo lwesifundo lwemvelo emaphakathi kwezinkumbulo zokuvula okuphelele kuzoba yilodwa ngokwethu ngoba isikhalazo sisebenza ngokwesibonelo ngesikhathi sokukhanya kwesithunzi. Kepha, indaba yokubanga enkulu kakhulu kukuba kunezinye izigasi ezingakukhanyi, ikakhulu amanzi asekhaya. Amazi ayasebenza njengesikhumba sokuvutha emaphakathi kwezinkumbulo futhi ayabeka isikhathi sokufika kwesikhalazo ngokushisayo. Lokhu kukuthi i-FDA iyathumela ukuthi kufanele kuvulwe ngokuphelele nokubhekana ngokuphelele kwezinkumbulo zokuvula.

Kwizinkumbulo zokuvula ezinamandla emithi, izinkotho zokuvulwa ngamandla zisiza ngokuphelele futhi ngokushisayo Ukusakaza kwe-F0 . Kwizinkumbulo ezinamandla, izinkumbulo zokuvula nezinkumbulo zokuvula zezinkumbulo, abaprofayili bafuna izinkumbulo zokuvula-nezinye izigasi nezinhloko zokuvula ezihlanganisiwe. Uma akukho ukulawula kwezinhloko zokuvula, izinhloko zokuvula phakathi kwezinkumbulo nezinkumbulo zokuvula zingasiza ukuthi izinkumbulo zivuleke noma izinkumbulo zivuleke.

Ama-coefficients ajwayelekile wokudlulisa ukushisa kuma-retort omphunga avame ukudlula lawo atholakala ngezinhlelo ezisekelwe emanzini, okwenza umusi ube yisixazululo esithandwa kakhulu semikhiqizo enokuqina okuphansi epakishwe ezitsheni zensimbi.

Water immersion retort

Izindawo Zokushisa Ezifanayo Nezinzuzo Zokujikeleza Okuphoqelelwe

A water immersion retort isebenza ngendlela efana neyombhuku omkhulu wokushisa wokuntywila. Imikhiqizo ihlala igxilile ngokuphelele emanzini afudumele kuyo yonke inqubo. Ukushisa kuhamba ngezinyathelo ezilandelanayo: umthombo wokushisa, amanzi, udonga lwepakethe, futhi ekugcineni umgogodla womkhiqizo.

Ngenxa yokuthi amanzi anokuqina okukhulu namandla okushisa kunomphunga, izinhlelo zokucwilisa zakha amazinga okushisa azinzile futhi afanayo. Ngokungafani nama-retort omphunga, awavelele ezindaweni ezibandayo ezibangelwa amaphakethe omoya abambekile. Lokhu kuzuzisa kuba okubaluleke ngokukhethekile lapho kusetshenzwa imikhiqizo eminyene equkethe izinhlayiya, lapho izinhlayiya zonke kufanele zifinyelele umgomo wokubulala odingekayo.

Ukuhwebelana kuwukushisa nokupholisa kancane. Amanzi adinga amandla amaningi ukuze akhuphule izinga lokushisa kwawo, futhi izikhathi zokujikeleza ngokuvamile zinde. Izinhlelo zanamuhla ziqhathanisa ukujikeleza kwamanzi okuphoqelelwe , okwandisa ukugeleza kwamanzi futhi kuthuthukise ukuqina kokushisa.

Ukuze imikhiqizo efana inyama stews, ubhontshisi, amasobho nezinhlayiya, futhi ukudla okulungele, amanzi ukucwiliswa retorts baziwa kabanzi ukunikeza ezinhle kakhulu inqubo ukuthembeka futhi kakhulu njalo F0 amagugu kulo lonke umthwalo.

Water spray retort

Ukuphazamiseka kwesendlalelo somngcele nokusebenza kokupholisa okusheshayo

A water spray retort isebenza njengesinikezeli sokushisa. Imibhobho engaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu isakaza amanzi afudumele ngokuqhubekayo phezu kwemikhiqizo. Lesi senzo sokuphehla siphazamisa ungqimba olungaphakathi olwakheka ngokwemvelo nxazonke zamaphakethe ngesikhathi sokusebenza okushisayo.

Kungani lokhu kubalulekile? Yenza ukuthi ubheke ukuthi uthathe izandla zakho emuva kwehateri ngokwesikhali esikhulu. Isikhali sisebenza njengokuthi sibeka isibonakaliso. Isibonakaliso sokugcina phambi kwepakethi sisebenza kanjalo. Ngokuthintintisa okuphakathi kwalokho ngokuphakeme, izinhlayiya zokushisa zenhlayiya ziyakhathaza kakhulu ukushisa okuphakathi kwezinye izinhlayiya.

Isidingo esinye esikhulu sibonakala ngokushisa. Ngoba isimo samo sameshini yokuqondisa isishisa ngokukhawuleza kusishisa amasurubho, izikhathi zokushisa zinakwenzeka ngokuphakeme kwe-15–30% kulokho okwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izinhlayiya zokufaka emanzini, kusukela kuqalinga kwezinto ezithile nezindlela zokuhambisana kwepakethi. Ukushisa okukhawuleza kuyasebenza ukuthi kubekwe kuncike kwezinye izinhlayiya zokushisa, okuyabangela ukuthi izinto ezingenakwamukwa isishisa (njengokwamazimba, amasosha, amapudingi, nezinto zokushisa okuzinhliziyo) zizobenefitisa ngokwesibonakaliso.

Isidingo esingaphansi kukhulu kwezinhlayiya zokushisa. Ukusebenza kwezinhlayiya kuchaza kakhulu ukuthi izinhlayiya zihambisana njani, ukuthi kubhekwe njani ukushisa, ukuthi kuzilungiselelwe njani, nokuthi kubhekwe njani ukuthi kubekwe kuncike kwezinye izinhlayiya. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinhlayiya kungabangela ukuthi kubekwe kuncike kwezinye izinhlayiya zokushisa, okuyabangela ukuthi kubekwe kuncike kwezinye izinhlayiya zokushisa.

Ukuqonda i-Value ye-F0 nezindlela zokuvavanya indlela yokusebenza

Kubabili abanamandla amaningi, F0 iyathetha ngendlela yomfanekiso wokubala. Ngempela, kungafuneka kubhalwe njengokuqondwa kwesikhathi sokuphulula amasithili ngokulingana nge-121.1°C.

I-Value ye-F0 isibalo sokugcina ukuthwasa kwamasithili. Isibonelo, umzuzu omunye ngokulingana nge-121.1°C uyakwenza umbono we-F0 omunye. Amatempurethi aphakeme ayakwenzela ukuthwasa kuhambisana kahle, kodwa amatempurethi athula ayakwenzela kuhambisana kancane.

Izimbono zase-FDA zokubhala izinkolo ezinamandla encane ziyadinga izindlela zokusebenza zokubhala ngokwemvelo nokubhala izifundo zokugcinwa kwamatempurethi. Abalungiseleli bezindlela bakhazisa ukuthwasa okudingekayo ngokulingana nokuchaza kweprodukthi nokuthwasa kwamasithili.

Isiphetho esihle sokukhetha sibonakalise kahle:

Ukuchazi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza: Ukuguqula, Ukususa Kwamandla, Nokusetshenziswa Kwamanzi

Itabuli Yokuchazi Kwezinhlelo Zokusebenza

Izinkosha Zokususa Kwamandla, Iphutha Lwe-Carbon, Nokusebenzisa Kwamandla

Izinhlelo ze-steam zithola izindleko eziningi zokusebenza ngokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli wekotolo. Izinhlelo zokucwiliswa emanzini nokufafazwa kwamanzi zengeza umthwalo omkhulu kagesi ngoba amapompo okujikeleza asebenza kulo lonke umjikelezo wokushisa.

Ukuze kube nesakhiwo esincane esisebenza ukudla okusemathinini, umehluko wezindleko zonyaka zokusetshenziswa komphakathi ungafinyelela kalula kumashumi ezinkulungwane zamaRandi kuye ngokuthi umkhiqizo ukhiqizwa kangakanani kanye namanani kagesi endawo. Izitshalo ezisebenza ezindaweni ezinamanani aphezulu kagesi ngokuvamile zithanda izinhlelo zomphunga lapho ukupakisha kuvumela. Izikhungo ezibhekene nokuntuleka kwamanzi noma izindleko eziphakeme zokuhlanzwa kwamanzi angcolile nazo zingakhetha ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufuna amanzi amancane.

Iziguquguquki Eziyinhloko Ezithinta Ukusebenza Komjikelezo

Izici eziningana zithinta ukusebenza kwangempela kwe-retort:

• Izinga lokushisa lokuqala lomkhiqizo
• Ukuchitha kweprodukti
• Isilinganiso se-solid-to-liquid
• Ubukhulu bephakeji
• Indlela yokulayisha inqola
• Ukusebenza kahle kokujikeleza kwamanzi
• Isu lokushisa kusengaphambili

Umlawuli we-FDA wabonisa futhi ukuthi isilinganiso sesikhathi sokuphela kweprodukti yisifundo esibalasekile ngokwesikhathi sokuphela kwe-thermal lethality.

I-Matrix yokuhambisana kwe-produkti ne-packaging

Ukukhetha Ngokwesikhathi Sokuphela Kweprodukti

Amaproducti ene-particulates ezingaphezulu kufuneka abe nenkambo yokuqinisa kwezinye izindawo zepackage. Amasistimu okubhalwa emzini akhona kakhulu ngoba abe nesikhathi sokuphela esihlukene kakhulu. Amaproducti angaphansi kwe-viscosity abenefitisa ngokwesikhathi sokuphela esihle kakhulu kwe-steam retorts.

Ukukhetha Ngokwesithunzi Sokuphela

Izinkinga Zokuhlinzeka Kwezinkulungwane Nezinkambo Zokubuyisela

Ukukhula kwezinkulungwane kuyi-business metric, akayi kuphela isibonelo sezwi. Ukubuyisela okuhle kwezinkulungwane, ukubuyisela okuhle kwezinkambo, nokubuyisela okuhle kwezinkambo zokubuyisela kuzokhuluma ngokwedwa ku-acceptance yebhizinisi yezinkulungwane nokugcina okuncane.

Ngenxa yokuthi izinhlelo zokufafaza amanzi ngokuvamile zifinyeza ukushisa okuphelele, ngokuvamile zifeza ukugcinwa kombala okuhle kakhulu emifino nasezithelweni uma kuqhathaniswa nemijikelezo yokucwiliswa ende. Ukulimala okuncane okushisayo kusiza nasekulondolozeni izakhi ezibucayi futhi kunciphise ukusabela okungathandeki njengokubomvu ngokweqile kwe-Maillard.

Kumakhasimende aphikisana nemakethe ye-premium, lezi zinzuzo zekhwalithi zingakufanelekela ukutshalwa kwemali okukhulu.

Ukuchaza Kwemali Yokuqala (TCO)

Izidingo Zokutshalwa Kwezimali Nezokwakhiwa

Izinhlelo ze-steam-air nezingcindezi eziphakeme zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuvikela iziqukathi ezibucayi ekuguqukeni ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Imibhalo ye-FDA ibona ngokuqondile ukuthi umoya oshiswa ngamanzi, ukucwiliswa emanzini, kanye nama-spray-water retort yizinhlelo ezihlukile zokucubungula ezidinga izinqubo zokusebenza eziqinisekisiwe.

Izinhlelo zokufafaza amanzi ngokuvamile zidinga imali enkulu yokuqala ngenxa yokupompa okuthuthukile, umlomo wombhobho nezinhlelo zokulawula. Izindawo zokuphendula ezifakwa emanzini ngokuvamile zidinga indawo enkulu phansi ngenxa yesakhiwo sokugcina amanzi.

Imali Yokusebenza Nokulondoloza

Wonke umbono wokulondoloza unenqubo yakhe yokulondoloza.

Izisistimu zesitimu zidinga ukubonwa kwezitimukhaya, izivali, izisistimu zesithembu, nezihlakatha. Izisistimu zokufaka emanzini zidinga ukulondoloza kwesikhathi esithile kwezimpahla zokuphuma nokuhlaka kwezinkambo. Izisistimu zokuphuma kwemvula zidinga ukubonwa kwesikhathi esithile kwezinhloko zokuphuma nokulondoloza kokufaka emvini ngoba ukungafihli kwezinhloko kungakhuthaza ukunqamuka kwezinhloko.

Ukulondoloza imvula yisibani esingasayi. Ukuthabatha kwesikhwama kungalowisa ukuthenga kwezinhloko, futhi ukuthabatha kwesibhobho kungakhuthaza izinkinga zokulondoloza.

Uhlelo Lokubala ROI

I-equation yokuqala yokubuyisela imali yilokhu:

Isikhathi Sokubuyisela Imali (Amazwana) = Ubude Bemali Yeqoqo ÷ Ukuvuselela Kweminyaka × 12

Ukuvuselela kweminyaka kungashiyi:

• Ukuncipisa kokusebenza kwamandla
• Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemvula
• Ukuphakanyisa ukugcina
• Ukuphakanyisa ukuthenga
• Kunciphisa kwezinkinga zokubhala izinto ngokuphelele
• Kunciphisa ukuthwasa kwamaphrojekthi

Kumaqondiso amaningi, ispraye yamandla wezililo ephakeme kungakhokhela isibonelo esingaba phakade kwezinsuku ezingu-18–36 ngokusebenza kanye nokulungisa ubukhulu bokuphakama kwamaphrojekthi.

Ukuthiwa Kuyasebenza, Ukuzimela Kwemithetho, Nokusebenzisa Ngokwempilo

Ukuzimela Kwemithetho Yomkhosi Wezokudla (FDA) Ngamathathu Amasimu Okusebenza

Isimu 1: Ukuthiwa Kwesikhumba Sokuhlala Kancane

Faka izinhloko zokulinganisa isikhati ngokwesikhathi emaphakathini onke okuhambisana ngezinhloko zokubhala. Hlalisa ukugcina isikhati sokulinganisa isikhati futhi thola izikhumba sokuhlala kancane ngokwesikhathi esifanayo.

Isimu 2: Ukuthiwa Kwesikhumba Sokuhlala Kancane (F0)

Linganisa izikhathi zokulinganisa zonke ezingakhomba izikhumba sokuhlala kancane futhi bala ukuthiwa kwesikhumba sokuhlala kancane. Izililo zokudla ezingazihlali zokuhlala kancane ziyadinga ukuthiwa kwesikhumba sokuhlala kancane okuvumelekile ngumsebenzi wokuphatha okuvumelekile.

Isimu 3: Ukubhala Nokugcina Amarekodi

Imithetho ye-FDA idinga amarekhodi enqubo eningiliziwe, idatha yokulandelela imishini, kanye nemibhalo yokuphambuka. Izinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo ze-PLC ne-SCADA zenza kube lula kakhulu ukuhambisana nokulinganiswa futhi zithuthukise ukulungela ukuhlola.

Amasu Okuzenzakalelayo Nokulawula Inqubo

Izinduku zokuzivikela zanamuhla zihlale zithembele ekuzisebenziseni ngokuzenzakalelayo. Izingxenye ezibalulekile zihlanganisa:

• Izinga lokushisa
• UMDLULO
• Isikhathi sokucubungula
• Ukusakaza kwe-F0
• Ukugeleza kwamanzi
• Ukulawulwa kwengcindezi

Ukubika ngokuzenzakalelayo kweqoqo kusekela izidingo zokugcinwa kwamarekhodi e-FDA ngenkathi kunikeza ukuhlaziywa komkhiqizo okubalulekile kokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo.

Isifundo Secala A Ukucwiliswa emanzini ukuze kuthuthukiswe amanzi

Isikhungo sokulungisa inyama esikhiqiza ukudla okusemathinini okufana ne-chunk esakhiwa kabusha kusuka ekucwilisweni emanzini saya ohlelweni lwesimanje lokufafaza amanzi olunikezwa ngosizo lobunjiniyela oluvela e- Weishu Intelligent Machinery .

Imiphumela yayihlanganisa:

• Ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuphatha kusukela ku-110 iminithi ku-85 iminithi
• Ukongeza kwesikhathi sokusebenza ngonyaka okwenzeka ngaphezulu kwe-15%
• Ukuvamile kwe-F0 kuzo zonke izikhundla zebhasket
• Ukunciphisa izinkundla zokuchitha ukuthi kugqibelele ngokushisayo

Iphesilithi yasendaweni yasifunda isikhathi sokubuyisela isaphulelo ngokugcwele eminyakeni eyi-24.

Isifundo sezinto esenzekayo B – Ukuguqula ukuthi kusenziwa ngamandla wezimbili ku-ukuthi kusenziwa ngamanzi

Umsebenzisi wokufakela amanzi wesitshalo osebenzisa amajam ephakeme ekufakeleni ngamandla wezimbili kwenza ukuthi izinja zokufakela zihlukana kakhulu.

Emva kokuguqula ku-ukuthi kusenziwa ngamanzi:

• Isivinini sesikhundla sezinja sanciphe ngaphezulu kwe-80%
• Ukuvamile kwabahlanga bekuphakeme kubuye kubonakala kakhulu
• Izimpendulo zezokuzwa zezinkundla zokubona zazisheleka
• Ukunciphisa ukugcina kweprodukthu kwenza izindlela eziningi zokuthengisa ngomnyaka

Le prozhikthi yavumela ukubuyisela ngeminyaka engu-18.

Isiphetho

Akukho teknoloji yokuvulwa okwesibonelo esihle kakhulu. Ikhetho elihle libukeka ngokwezinhlobo zeprodukthu, isimo sezinkotho, izindawo zokusebenza, izilungiselelo zokuprodukha, nokuphatha kwezinsizakalo zokusebenza ngomnyaka.

Izinkotho zokuvulwa ngamandla zathumela ubukhulu obungafanelekileyo kwezinkotho zemetal nezinhlobo zeprodukthu ezingaphansi kwezinhlobo. Izinkotho zokuvulwa ngamandla amanzi zathumela ubukhulu obungafanelekileyo wezinhlobo zokubona kwezinhlobo eziningi nezinhlobo zokudla. Izinkotho zokuvulwa ngamandla amanzi okusuka zathumela ubukhulu obungafanelekileyo phakathi kwezinhlobo zokudla, ubukhulu bokuchitha, nokufaneleka kwezinkotho.

Kubakhiqizi abahlola imishini emisha noma amaphrojekthi okuvuselela, indlela ethembeke kakhulu ukuqinisekiswa kwenqubo kusetshenziswa imikhiqizo yangempela nokupakisha. Ucwaningo lwe-F0 olwenziwe ngesilinganiso sokuhlola lungembula izikhathi zokulindela umjikelezo, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, amandla okukhiqiza kanye nemiphumela yekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ngaphambi kokutshalwa kwemali okukhulu.

Weishu Intelligent Machinery inikeza ukubonisana ngokukhethwa kwe-retort, ukwesekwa kokuqinisekiswa kwe-F0, ukwenziwa ngcono kwenqubo, izincomo zokuthuthukisa i-CIP, nokuhlolwa kokuthuthukiswa komugqa wokukhiqiza okwenzelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza zokulungisa ukudla ngazinye.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokucubungula ama-retort ezisetshenziswa ekuhlanzweni kokudla okuhweba?

Ubuchwepheshe obuthathu obuyinhloko izinkotho zokuvulwa ngamandla , izinkotho zokuvulwa ngamandla amanzi , kanye izinkotho zokuvulwa ngamandla amanzi okusuka . Ngamunye wabo usebenzisa indlela ehlukile yokudlulisa ukushisa futhi ukhonza izidingo ezihlukile zomkhiqizo nokupakisha.

Izindlela zokudlulisa ukushisa zihluke kanjani phakathi kwe-steam, ukucwiliswa emanzini, kanye ne-water spray retorts?

Umusi uncike ekushiseni okufihlekile okukhishwa ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Ukucwiliswa emanzini kudlulisela ukushisa emanzini ashisayo angaphakathi. I-water spray isebenzisa ama-jet amanzi acindezelwe ukuze ithuthukise ukudluliswa kokushisa okuhambisanayo futhi isheshise ukupholisa.

Yiluphi uhlobo lwe-retort olungcono kakhulu lwamabhodwe, izikhwama, izimbiza zengilazi namathreyi?

Amathini ensimbi ngokuvamile asebenza kahle kakhulu lapho kusetshenziswa umusi. Izikhwama eziguquguqukayo zidinga izinhlelo zokuphehla amanzi ezicindezela ngokweqile noma zokucwilisa amanzi. Izimbiza zengilazi ngokuvamile zenziwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obusekelwe emanzini ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokushaqeka ukushisa.

Kufanele ngiwuqinisekise kanjani umjikelezo wokuphendula ukuze ngibheke ukuhambisana ne-FDA namathemba e-F0?

Ukuqinisekisa ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa izifundo zokusabalalisa izinga lokushisa, ukukhomba izindawo ezibandayo, ukubala i-F0, nokugcina amarekhodi ngokuhambisana nemithetho yokudla okusemathinini enama-asidi amancane ye-FDA.

Yiziphi izilinganiso ezijwayelekile zokusetshenziswa kwamandla namanzi zohlobo ngalunye lwe-retort?

Amaretu we-steam ayasebenzisa amanzi angaphezulu kakhulu. Izinhlangano zokufaka emanzini zisebenzisa amanzi angaphezulu kakhulu ngoba kudingeka ukufaka amanzi ematankeni. Izinhlangano zokusheka amanzi zihlala phakathi kwezimbili futhi zanikeza ubungozi obuhle bokuchitha.

Nikwenze njani ukulinganisa izindleko zokubuyisa, izindleko zokusebenza kuzo konke, nokubuyisela kwesikhathi sokusebenza?

Linganisa izindleko zokubuyisa konke kungafanele ukulinganisa kuphela inombolo yezindleko zokubuyisa. Faka kulelinganiso izindleko zokusebenzisa amandla, ukulunga, ukuphula okuphakeme, ukwanda kwezindleko zokubuyisa, nokuthimba kwezindleko zokubuyisa kuzo konke.

Kunezizindlela zokubonisa ukuphula okuphakeme nokubuyisela kwesikhathi sokusebenza?

Yebo. Abaprofayila abaningi ababuyekeza kusukela kwezinhlangano zokufaka emanzini kuze kwezinhlangano zokusheka amanzi babona ukuphula kwezikhathi zokusebenza ngo-15–30%, futhi abaprofayila ababuyekeza kusukela kwezinhlangano zokusebenzisa i-steam kuze kwezinhlangano zokusebenzisa amanzi bahlala bavona ukuphula okuphezulu kwezindleko zokugcina izibonelo nezindleko zokugcina.